PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: In South Asia, women often experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and have limited access to maternal health services (MHS). However, the effects of IPV on antenatal care (ANC) visits remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the impact of IPV of different forms and severities on ANC visits in South Asia.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study used the latest available data from demographic and health surveys conducted in Bangladesh, India, Afghanistan, Nepal, Maldives, and Pakistan. The study sampled 4467 women who had given birth within the past 12 months and were interviewed for IPV. IPV was measured by binary variables indicating the presence of physical violence (PV), categorised into less severe (LSPV) and severe physical violence (SPV), emotional violence (EV), and sexual violence (SV). ANC utilization was measured using binary variables indicating whether respondents had any, at least four, or at least eight ANC visits, as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Logistic regressions adjusted for survey weights were used to assess associations between ANC utilization and exposure to IPV during pregnancy and lifetime.
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of LSPV, SPV, EV, and SV during pregnancy were 14.5%, 4.4%, 11.6%, and 4.1%. LSPV experience during pregnancy was associated with decreased likelihoods of at least four ANC visits (odds ratio (OR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.40-0.76) and eight ANC visits (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31-0.90). Results of lifetime exposure to IPV followed similar patterns. Lifetime exposure to LSPV was associated with decreased likelihoods of at least four ANC visits (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.41-0.74) and eight ANC visits (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.29-0.77).
UNASSIGNED: This study highlights the negativities of LSPV on the frequency of women seeking ANC visits. Policies are necessary to identify women at risk of the often-overlooked LSPV early and provide protective interventions to promote maternal health in South Asia.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study used the latest available data from demographic and health surveys conducted in Bangladesh, India, Afghanistan, Nepal, Maldives, and Pakistan. The study sampled 4467 women who had given birth within the past 12 months and were interviewed for IPV. IPV was measured by binary variables indicating the presence of physical violence (PV), categorised into less severe (LSPV) and severe physical violence (SPV), emotional violence (EV), and sexual violence (SV). ANC utilization was measured using binary variables indicating whether respondents had any, at least four, or at least eight ANC visits, as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Logistic regressions adjusted for survey weights were used to assess associations between ANC utilization and exposure to IPV during pregnancy and lifetime.
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of LSPV, SPV, EV, and SV during pregnancy were 14.5%, 4.4%, 11.6%, and 4.1%. LSPV experience during pregnancy was associated with decreased likelihoods of at least four ANC visits (odds ratio (OR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.40-0.76) and eight ANC visits (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31-0.90). Results of lifetime exposure to IPV followed similar patterns. Lifetime exposure to LSPV was associated with decreased likelihoods of at least four ANC visits (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.41-0.74) and eight ANC visits (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.29-0.77).
UNASSIGNED: This study highlights the negativities of LSPV on the frequency of women seeking ANC visits. Policies are necessary to identify women at risk of the often-overlooked LSPV early and provide protective interventions to promote maternal health in South Asia.
摘要：
■在南亚，妇女经常遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV），并且获得孕产妇保健服务（MHS）的机会有限。然而,IPV对产前保健(ANC)访视的影响尚不清楚.本研究旨在研究不同形式和严重程度的IPV对南亚ANC访问的影响。
■这项横断面研究使用了在孟加拉国进行的人口和健康调查的最新可用数据，印度,阿富汗,尼泊尔,马尔代夫,和巴基斯坦。该研究对过去12个月内分娩的4467名妇女进行了抽样，并接受了IPV采访。IPV是通过二元变量测量的，表明存在身体暴力(PV)，分为不太严重的(LSPV)和严重的身体暴力(SPV)，情感暴力（EV），性暴力（SV）。ANC利用率是使用二元变量衡量的，表明受访者是否有任何，至少四个,或至少八次ANC访问，根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议。根据调查权重调整后的Logistic回归用于评估妊娠和一生中ANC利用与IPV暴露之间的关联。
■LSPV的患病率，SPV,EV,妊娠期间SV为14.5%,4.4%,11.6%,和4.1%。怀孕期间的LSPV经历与至少4次ANC访问（比值比（OR）=0.55;95％置信区间（CI）=0.40-0.76）和8次ANC访问（OR=0.53;95％CI=0.31-0.90）的可能性降低相关。IPV寿命暴露的结果遵循类似的模式。长期暴露于LSPV与至少4次ANC访问（OR=0.55；95％CI=0.41-0.74）和8次ANC访问（OR=0.47；95％CI=0.29-0.77）的可能性降低相关。
■这项研究强调了LSPV对女性寻求ANC就诊频率的负面影响。有必要制定政策，及早发现面临经常被忽视的LSPV风险的妇女，并提供保护性干预措施，以促进南亚的孕产妇健康。
■这项横断面研究使用了在孟加拉国进行的人口和健康调查的最新可用数据，印度,阿富汗,尼泊尔,马尔代夫,和巴基斯坦。该研究对过去12个月内分娩的4467名妇女进行了抽样，并接受了IPV采访。IPV是通过二元变量测量的，表明存在身体暴力(PV)，分为不太严重的(LSPV)和严重的身体暴力(SPV)，情感暴力（EV），性暴力（SV）。ANC利用率是使用二元变量衡量的，表明受访者是否有任何，至少四个,或至少八次ANC访问，根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议。根据调查权重调整后的Logistic回归用于评估妊娠和一生中ANC利用与IPV暴露之间的关联。
■LSPV的患病率，SPV,EV,妊娠期间SV为14.5%,4.4%,11.6%,和4.1%。怀孕期间的LSPV经历与至少4次ANC访问（比值比（OR）=0.55;95％置信区间（CI）=0.40-0.76）和8次ANC访问（OR=0.53;95％CI=0.31-0.90）的可能性降低相关。IPV寿命暴露的结果遵循类似的模式。长期暴露于LSPV与至少4次ANC访问（OR=0.55；95％CI=0.41-0.74）和8次ANC访问（OR=0.47；95％CI=0.29-0.77）的可能性降低相关。
■这项研究强调了LSPV对女性寻求ANC就诊频率的负面影响。有必要制定政策，及早发现面临经常被忽视的LSPV风险的妇女，并提供保护性干预措施，以促进南亚的孕产妇健康。
