Lanthanides are largely used in optoelectronics as dopants to enhance the physical and optical properties of semiconducting devices. In this study, lanthanum(III)hydroxide nanoparticles (La(OH)3NPs) are used as a dopant of polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized nitrogen (N)-doped graphene quantum dots (PEI-NGQDs). The La(OH)3NPs-dopedPEI-NGQDs nanocomposites are prepared from La(NO)3 in a single step by a green novel method and are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Deposited over an n-type Si wafer, the La(OH)3NPs-dopedPEI-NGQDs nanocomposites form Schottky diodes. The I-V characteristics and the photoresponse of the diodes are investigated as a function of the illumination intensity in the range 0-110 mW cm-2 and at room temperature. It is found that the rectification ratio and ideality factor of the diode decrease, while the Schottky barrier and series resistance increase with the enhancing illuminations. As a photodetector, the La(OH)3NPs-dopedPEI-NGQDs/n-Si heterojunction exhibits an appreciable responsivity of 3.9 × 10-3 AW-1 under 22 mW cm-2 at -0.3 V bias and a maximum detectivity of 8.7 × 108 Jones under 22 mW cm-2 at -0.5 V. This study introduces the green synthesis and presents the structural, electrical, and optoelectronic properties of La(OH)3NPs-dopedPEI-NGQDs, demonstrating that these nanocomposites can be promising for optoelectronic applications.

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The rapid development of hydrogels has garnered significant attention in health monitoring and human motion sensing. However, the synthesis of multifunctional conductive hydrogels with excellent strain/pressure sensing and photoresponsiveness remains a challenge. Herein, the conductive hydrogels (BPTP) with excellent mechanical properties, fatigue resistance and photoresponsive behavior composed of polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxy-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs) reinforcement and polydopamine-modified black phosphorus (BP@PDA) photosensitizer are prepared through a facile free-radical polymerization approach. The PDA adhered to the BP surface by π-π stacking promotes the optical properties of BP while also preventing BP oxidation from water. Through hydrogen bonding interactions, TOCNs improve the homogeneous dispersion of BP@PDA nanosheets and the mechanical toughness of BPTP. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of PDA and TOCNs, the conductive BPTP integrates superior mechanical performances, excellent photoelectric response and photothermal conversion capability. The BPTP-based sensor with high cycling stability demonstrates superior strain sensitivity (GF = 6.0) and pressure sensing capability (S = 0.13 kPa-1) to monitor various human activities. Therefore, this work delivers an alternative construction strategy for generating high-performance conductive hydrogels as multifunctional wearable sensors.

As an effective and non-invasive treatment modality for cancer, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted considerable interest. With the recent advances in the photosensitizing agents, the fiber-optic systems, and other aspects, its application is extended to a wide range of superficial and localized cancers. However, for the few clinically used photosensitizers, most of them suffer from the drawback of causing prolonged photosensitivity after the treatment. As a result, post-PDT management is also a crucial issue. Herein, a facile bioorthogonal approach is reported that can effectively suppress this common side effect of PDT in nude mice. It involves the use of an antidote that contains a black-hole quencher BHQ-3 conjugated with a bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) moiety and a tetrazine-substituted boron dipyrromethene-based photosensitizer. By using tumor-bearing nude mice as an animal model, it is demonstrated that after PDT with this photosensitizer, the administration of the antidote can effectively quench the photodynamic activity of the residual photosensitizer by bringing the BHQ-3 quencher close to the photosensitizing unit through a rapid click reaction. It results in substantial reduction in skin damage upon light irradiation. The overall results demonstrate that this simple and facile strategy can provide an effective means for minimizing the photosensitivity after PDT.

UNASSIGNED: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which skin involvement is a common manifestation. It is currently thought that the photosensitivity of SLE skin involvement is associated with anti-SSA antibodies. This study aimed to expand the current state of knowledge surrounding the molecular pathophysiology of SLE skin photosensitivity through Serum metabolomics analysis.
UNASSIGNED: The serum metabolites of 23 cases of skin-involved SLE (SI) group, 14 cases of no SI (NSI) group, and 30 cases of healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by using UPLC-MS/MS technology, and subgroup analysis was performed according to the expression of anti-SSA antibodies in SI. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for enrichment analysis and ROC curve construction, identifying serum metabolic markers of skin-involved SLE associated with anti-SSA antibodies.
UNASSIGNED: We identified several metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with SLE photosensitivity. Two metabolites, SM (d18:1/24:0) and gamma-CEHC can distinguish between anti-SSA antibody-positive and negative SI, with AUC of 0.829 and 0.806. These two photosensitization-related substances may be potential markers of skin involvement in SLE associated with anti-SSA antibody.
UNASSIGNED: This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of SI patients, and provides a new molecular biological basis for the association between anti-SSA antibodies and skin photoallergic manifestations of SLE.

BACKGROUND: Cockayne syndrome (CS, OMIM #133540, #216400) is a rare autosomal recessive disease involving multiple systems, typically characterized by microcephaly, premature aging, growth retardation, neurosensory abnormalities, and photosensitivity. The age of onset is related to the severity of the clinical phenotype, which may lead to fatal outcomes.
METHODS: We report a 3-year-old girl who presented with photosensitivity, gait abnormalities, stunting, and microcephaly and showed atypical clinical classification due to mild clinical manifestations at an early onset age.
RESULTS: Next-generation sequencing reveals the frameshift mutation (c.394_398del, p.Leu132Asnfs*6) and a novel microdeletion of ERCC8 (exon4del, p.Arg92fs).
CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it is still necessary to carry out next-generation sequencing for CS patients with atypical clinical manifestations, which is essential for diagnosis and accurate genetic counseling.

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UNASSIGNED: Hypersensitivity to light is a common symptom associated with dysfunction of the occipital region. Earlier studies also suggested that clinically significant right-to-left shunt (RLS) could increase occipital cortical excitability associated with the occurrence of migraine. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between RLS and photosensitivity.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional observational study included the residents aged 18-55 years living in the Mianzhu community between November 2021 and October 2022. Photosensitivity was evaluated using the Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaire along with baseline clinical data through face-to-face interviews. After the interviews, contrast-transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) was performed to detect RLS. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to reduce selection bias. Photosensitivity score was compared between individuals with and without significant RLS using multivariable linear regression based on IPW.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 829 participants containing 759 healthy controls and 70 migraineurs were finally included in the analysis. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that migraine (β = 0.422; 95% CI: 0.086-0.759; p = 0.014) and clinically significant RLS (β = 1.115; 95% CI: 0.760-1.470; p < 0.001) were related to higher photosensitivity score. Subgroup analysis revealed that clinically significant RLS had a positive effect on hypersensitivity to light in the healthy population (β = 0.763; 95% CI: 0.332-1.195; p < 0.001) or migraineurs (β = 1.459; 95% CI: 0.271-2.647; p = 0.010). There was also a significant interaction between RLS and migraine for the association with photophobia (pinteraction = 0.009).
UNASSIGNED: RLS is associated with photosensitivity independently and might exacerbate photophobia in migraineurs. Future studies with RLS closure are needed to validate the findings.
UNASSIGNED: This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, Natural Population Cohort Study of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, ID: ChiCTR1900024623, URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=40590.

UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to better understand the clinical features of photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) in Chinese children.
UNASSIGNED: Thirty-one children with PSE were screened out of 398 children with epilepsy who were consecutively diagnosed by the video-electroencephalogram (VEEG) monitoring method and by using an intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) test. Their EEGs and clinical features were retrospectively analyzed, and their treatment outcomes were followed up.
UNASSIGNED: PSE accounted for 7.79% (31/398) of children with epilepsy during the observation period in our single epilepsy center. The male to female ratio of PSE was 1:3.43, and the average seizure onset age was 7.8 ± 3.28 years. The highest range of frequency sensitivity of the IPS test for the induction of EEG epileptic discharge or electroclinical seizures was within 10-20 Hz. Electroclinical seizures were induced in 41.94% (13/31) of PSE patients by using the IPS test, while EEG discharge without clinical seizures was induced in 58.06% (18/31) of PSE patients. Among all PSE patients, an IPS-positive reaction in the eye-closure state was induced in 83.87% of patients, and this rate was significantly higher than that in the eye-opened state (41.94%) or eye-closed state (35.48%). (Eye-closure IPS stimulation means: make the subjects close their eyes at the beginning of each stimulation, open their eyes at the end of the stimulation, and close their eyes again at the beginning of the next stimulation, and so on. While Eye-closed IPS stimulation means the stimulation is started after 5 s of eye closure, and the subjects are kept closed throughout the whole process.) The common and effective drugs used for single or combined therapy in PSE children were valproic acid and levetiracetam.
UNASSIGNED: This study provides some useful information about electroclinical characteristics in a cohort of 31 PSE children. It may be beneficial for pediatric neurologists in terms of paying more attention to PSE and correctly dealing with it.

Fast (seconds) and slow (minutes to hours) optical coherence tomography (OCT) responses to light stimulation have been developed to probe outer retinal function with higher spatial resolution than the classical full-field electroretinogram (ERG). However, the relationships between functional information revealed by OCT and ERG are largely unexplored. In this study, we directly compared the fast and slow OCT responses with the ERG. Fast responses [i.e. the optoretinogram (ORG)] are dominated by reflectance changes in the outer segment (OS) and the inner segment ellipsoid zone (ISez). The ORG OS response has faster kinetics and a higher light sensitivity than the ISez response, and both differ significantly with ERG parameters. Sildenafil-inhibition of phototransduction reduced the ORG light sensitivity, suggesting a complete phototransduction pathway is needed for ORG responses. Slower OCT responses were dominated by light-induced changes in the external limiting membrane to retinal pigment epithelium (ELM-RPE) thickness and photoreceptor-tip hyporeflective band (HB) magnitudes, with the biggest changes occurring after prolonged light stimulation. Mice with high (129S6/ev) vs. low (C57BL/6 J) ATP(adenosine triphosphate) synthesis efficiency show similar fast ORG, but dissimilar slow OCT responses. We propose that the ORG reflects passive physiology, such as water movement from photoreceptors, in response to the photocurrent response (measurable by ERG), whereas the slow OCT responses measure mitochondria-driven physiology in the outer retina, such as dark-provoked water removal from the subretinal space.