BACKGROUND: There are several versions of the Breastfeeding Motivation Scale (BMS), which have been shown to measure maternal breastfeeding motivation, but there is not a Chinese version yet. The study aimed to translate the BMS into Chinese and subsequently assess its psychometric properties among Chinese mothers during the postpartum period.
METHODS: The study was composed of two phases. The translation of BMS closely followed the principals of good practices. Phase 1 included a comprehensive translation, back-translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and pretest to develop the Chinese version of the BMS. From 1 December 2021 to 1 July 2022, the Chinese version of the BMS was administered to 206 postnatal mothers in our maternity wards to assess its psychometric properties. Phase 2 involved psychometric property testing, including testing of the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity.
RESULTS: Minor modifications in four items were recommended after translations. The Cronbach\'s α coefficient of the Chinese version of the BMS was .887, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was .897 (P < 0.001). The model fit was acceptable (χ2/df = 2.40, P < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.91, IFI = 0.92 and TLI = 0.90) according to the confirmatory factor analysis. The composite reliability values corresponding to each latent variable were 0.733 ~ 0.926, and the average variance extracted values were 0.476 ~ 0.653. The correlations among the five measured variables were all lower than .85 and the square roots of average variance extracted from the variable were greater than the interconstruct correlations among the five measured variables in the model.
CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the BMS has good reliability and validity and provides a reliable assessment tool for measuring maternal breastfeeding motivation. It also provides support to develop culturally sensitive interventions for Chinese mothers\' who are breastfeeding.

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of household socio-economic factors on maternal mortality and under-five survival in Nigeria. Consequently, data from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the World Development Indicators, and fully modified least squares and canonical cointegrating regression were utilised to implement the study. The results showed that for every 100,000 live births, at least 1097 mothers die in Nigeria. GDP per capita showed a positive but insignificant impact on maternal mortality, while adjusted net national income had a significant negative relationship with maternal mortality. Broad money supply reduced under-five survival in Nigeria, while social inclusion causes a reduction in under-5 mortality with 32 deaths per 1,000 live births in Nigeria. Hence, to reduce the high rate of maternal mortality in Nigeria, policy and programmes that will be socially inclusive for women and children should be implemented in the country.
L\'objectif de cette étude était d\'examiner l\'influence des facteurs socio-économiques des ménages sur la mortalité maternelle et la survie des moins de cinq ans au Nigeria. Par conséquent, les données de 2005 à 2021 ont été collectées à partir des indicateurs de développement dans le monde, et les moindres carrés entièrement modifiés et la régression canonique de cointégration ont été utilisés pour mettre en oeuvre l\'étude. Les résultats ont montré que pour 100 000 naissances vivantes, au moins 1 097 mères meurent au Nigeria. Le PIB par habitant a montré un impact positif mais insignifiant sur la mortalité maternelle, tandis que le revenu national net ajusté avait une relation négative significative avec la mortalité maternelle. Une masse monétaire importante a réduit la survie des moins de cinq ans au Nigeria, tandis que l\'inclusion sociale entraîne une réduction de la mortalité des moins de cinq ans avec 32 décès pour 1 000 naissances vivantes au Nigeria. Par conséquent, pour réduire le taux élevé de mortalité maternelle au Nigeria, des politiques et des programmes socialement inclusifs pour les femmes et les enfants doivent être mis en oeuvre dans le pays.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of mothers of school-age children with asthma in care.
UNASSIGNED: A phenomenological study was conducted using qualitative research methods from August 2021 to November 2021. Mothers (from Sichuan, China) of school-aged children with asthma who sought outpatient care at the pediatric asthma clinic were purposively sampled based on their occupation, education level, and duration of their child\'s illness. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted in consultation room A07 of the pediatric asthma clinic. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.
UNASSIGNED: 23 mothers expressed interest, but data saturation was reached after recruiting 15 mothers.Four main themes encompassing ten sub-themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Negative psychological burden, with sub-themes including anxiety shock, fear of death, guilt, and stigma. (2) Family dysfunction, with sub-themes including impaired quality of life, family emotional crisis, and heavy economic burden. (3) Difficulty in seeking medical treatment. (4) Active response, with sub-themes including emotional adjustment, family empowerment, and social support.
UNASSIGNED: In this sample, the caregiving experience of mothers of school-age children with asthma is diverse and complex, reflected not only in personal psychological aspects but also in family functioning and social support. Taking into account various factors, such as addressing psychological well-being, emphasizing family and social support, and promoting the sharing of positive experiences, may result in more effective alleviation of caregiving stress for mothers of school-age children with asthma.

OBJECTIVE: Emergence delirium is a common complication in children. Recorded mother\'s voice, as a non-pharmacological measure, is increasingly used to prevent the emergence of delirium in pediatric patients, but sufficient evidence is still needed to prove its efficacy.
METHODS: Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Sinomed databases were searched for randomized controlled trials exploring the efficacy of recorded mother\'s voice in preventing the emergence of delirium in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia. The original data were pooled for the meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.4.1. This study was conducted based on the Cochrane Review Methods.
RESULTS: Eight studies with 724 children were included in the analysis. Recorded mother\'s voice reduced the incidence of emergence delirium when compared with either no voice (RR: 0.45; [95 % CI, 0.34 - 0.61]; p < 0.01; I2 = 7 %) or stranger\'s voice (RR: 0.51; [95 % CI, 0.28 - 0.91]; p = 0.02; I2 = 38 %) without increasing other untoward reactions. In addition, it shortened the post-anesthesia care unit stay time when compared with no voice (MD = -5.64; [95 % CI, -8.43 to -2.58]; p < 0.01, I2 = 0 %), but not stranger\'s voice (MD = -1.23; [95 % CI, -3.08 to 0.63]; p = 0.19, I2 = 0 %). It also shortened the extubation time and reduced the incidence of postoperative rescue analgesia.
CONCLUSIONS: The current analysis indicated that recorded mother\'s voices could reduce the incidence of emergency delirium, shorten post-anesthesia care unit stay time and extubation time, and decrease the incidence of postoperative rescue analgesia in children.

Social interactions between parents and children are closely linked with children\'s development, and interbrain synchrony has been shown to be a neural marker of social interaction. However, to truly capture the essence of social interactions through interbrain synchrony, it is necessary to simultaneously discuss the parental and child brains and adequately record neurological signals during parent-child interactions in interactive tasks. In the current review, we have reviewed three main contents. First, we discuss the correlation between parent-child interbrain synchrony and the development of cognitive (e.g., emotion regulation, attention, and learning) and behavioral abilities (e.g., cooperation, problem-solving) in children. Second, we examine the different neural mechanisms of interbrain synchrony in mother-child and father-child interactions, aiming to highlight the separate roles of mother and father in child development. Last, we have integrated four methods to enhance interbrain synchrony, including communication patterns, nonverbal behavior, music, and multichannel stimulation. A significant correlation exists between parent-child interbrain synchrony and the development of children\'s cognitive and behavioral abilities. This summary may be useful for expanding researchers\' and practitioners\' understanding of the ways in which parenting and the parent-child relationship shape children\' cognitive and behavioral abilities.

We investigated whether college students\' resting Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) would moderate the association between parental negative dominant and submissive emotion expression and their negative emotions.
Participants were 97 Chinese college students (28.87% male, Mage = 19.11, SD =.89). Participants reported their perceived maternal and paternal emotion expression, as well as their negative emotions. Resting RSA was assessed during a laboratory visit.
Parental negative dominant emotion expression was positively related to students\' negative emotions. Additionally, the association between paternal negative dominant emotion expression and negative emotions was stronger among students with low (versus high) levels of resting RSA. Nonetheless, no similar association was found in maternal negative emotion expression.
Our findings contribute important information regarding the different roles of maternal and paternal negative emotion expression in college students\' emotional outcomes, and signify the interaction between parental socialization and individual characteristics in human developmental process.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pancreatitis is a debilitating condition that can affect women of childbearing age, and its impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes is poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE: Our findings aim to help healthcare providers counsel pregnant women with chronic pancreatitis and make informed clinical decisions.
METHODS: In this study, hospital discharge records from the National Inpatient Sample database between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed to investigate maternal primary outcomes and primary perinatal outcomes.
RESULTS: The study findings suggest an association between chronic pancreatitis and elevated rates of gestational diabetes (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.19-2.23) and gestational hypertensive complications(AOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.87-3.29). Pregnancies among women with chronic pancreatitis showed an increased likelihood of preterm labor (AOR 3.10, 95% CI 2.40-4.00) and small for gestational age (AOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.35-3.08). Furthermore, it appears that patients with alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis present a considerably higher risk of fetal death (OR 17.15, 95% CI 2.29-128.26). The study also revealed that those chronic pancreatitis patients with a history of chronic renal failure could be more prone to developing gestational hypertensive complications (OR 20.09, 95%CI 2.07-194.93). Moreover, associations were observed between chronic pancreatitis pregnancies and lengthier hospital stays as well as elevated hospital costs.
CONCLUSIONS: Our research has uncovered a heightened risk of complications associated with chronic pancreatitis for mothers and fetuses. The implications of our findings are critical for healthcare professionals, particularly those involved in preconception counseling.

In Chinese culture, the mother holds a special meaning in one\'s self-concept, and is perceived as being stablyincorporated into and consistent with the self. However, it is unclear whether the evaluation of mothers by individuals is affected following the initiation of upward and downward social comparisons (USC and DSC). This experiment manipulated USC and DSC by evaluating positive and negative public figures and used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to record changes in brain activity during the evaluation. It was found that participants\' evaluations of their mothers and their brain activity did not differ from the self during USC, verifying the equivalence of the mother and the self. In DSC, participants made significantly more positive social judgments about their mothers, accompanied by greater activation of the left temporal lobe. These results suggest that the mother was not only stably incorporated into the self but was in a position of even greater importance than the self. In DSC in particular, individuals are more likely to maintain a positive image of their mother.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes continues to increase. However, the strategies to prevent or reduce its occurrence are inadequate. Therefore, we attempted to investigate if mothers with autoimmune disease were more likely to have children with type 1 diabetes.
We identified 1,288,347 newborns from the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2016, and followed them up to December 31, 2019. We used a multivariable Cox regression model to compare the childhood-onset type 1 diabetes risk between children whose mother had or did not have an autoimmune disease.
The multivariable model demonstrated significantly higher risks of type 1 diabetes in the children with maternal autoimmune disease (aHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.16-2.08), type 1 diabetes (aHR 11.33, 95% CI 4.62-27.77), Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis (aHR 3.73, 95% CI 1.70-8.15), and inflammatory bowel diseases (aHR 2.00, 95% CI 1.07-3.76).
This nationwide mother and child cohort study showed a higher risk of type 1 diabetes in the children whose mothers had autoimmune disease, including Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examines similarities and differences in intrusive parenting between mothers and fathers and relations between intrusive parenting and early childhood development. The authors integrated 55 studies and differentiated cognitive skills and socio-emotional problems as developmental outcomes. The present study employs three-level meta-analyses to reliably estimate effect sizes and examine a range of moderators. It finds a moderate effect size of similarities in intrusive parenting within a family (r = 0.256, confidence interval [CI] = [0.180, 0.329]). No significant differences were observed in intrusiveness level between mothers and fathers (g = 0.035, CI = [-0.034, 0.103]). Intrusive parenting had a significant positive association with children\'s socio-emotional problems (rmother  = 0.098, CImother  = [0.051, 0.145]; rfather  = 0.094, CI father  = [0.032, 0.154]) but was not related to cognitive skills. Moderator analyses suggest that East Asian mothers exhibit higher intrusiveness levels than fathers, whereas Western parents display no significant differences. Overall, these results reveal more similarities than differences in intrusive parenting and that culture likely plays a role in shaping gender-specific parenting behaviors.