BACKGROUND: Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor, commonly occurring in young adults and typically affecting the mandibular region. We report an exceptionally rare and highly atypical case of AFS in an elderly female patient originating from the maxillary bone.
METHODS: A 66-year-old woman was admitted with a two-week history of a lump in her left upper molar. CT scans suggested a cyst in the maxillary bone. An incisional biopsy revealed a spindle cell neoplasm. MRI showed abnormalities in the left maxilla, indicating a possible tumorous lesion. The patient underwent a subtotal maxillectomy, wide tumor excision, intraoral epithelial flap transplantation, and dental extraction. Histology identified atypical tumor cells with visible mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry showed negative for PCK and CD34 expression, but positive for Vimentin and SMA expression. The Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 30 to 50%. These findings suggested a potentially malignant soft tissue tumor in the left maxilla, leaning towards a diagnosis of AFS. The patient received postoperative radiotherapy. There was no recurrence during the six-month follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on repeated pathological evidence, we report a rare case of an elderly female with AFS originating from the maxillary bone. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy resulted in a favorable outcome.

BACKGROUND: Neurofibroma is a common benign tumor of neuronal origin that can occur as a solitary tumor or as a component of the generalized syndrome of neurofibromatosis. Neurofibromas are primarily located in the subcutaneous soft tissues and commonly involve extra-oral sites. Solitary intraosseous neurofibromas of the oral cavity are infrequent, with occurrences in the maxilla being exceedingly rare.
METHODS: A 22-year-old male patient presented with an asymptomatic mass in the maxilla. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed a round, well-outlined, radiolucent lesion with expansive growth. The neoplasm with the complete capsule was completely removed and confirmed as a neurofibroma based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. The reported cases of solitary intraosseous neurofibromas located in the maxilla published in the English literature were compiled to assist in the diagnosis of solitary intraosseous neurofibromas of the maxilla. Nine months after the surgery, there were no signs of tumor recurrence or malignant transformation.
CONCLUSIONS: This report emphasizes that rare locations of neurofibromas, such as solitary intraosseous neurofibromas in the maxilla, typically demonstrate nonspecific clinical and radiological features. Clinicians should consider solitary intraosseous neurofibromas as possible differential diagnoses and recognize the histopathological and immunohistochemical features to confirm the correct diagnosis. A longer follow-up period is required because of the potential for local recurrence and malignant transformation of these tumors.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oncologic safety and quality of life associated with the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) as compared to elective neck dissection (END) in patients with cT1/2N0 maxillary squamous cell carcinoma.
METHODS: This study constituted a retrospective analysis of consecutively treated patients who underwent SLNB or END, with data collected prospectively. We analyzed the impact of the different neck procedures on regional control and disease-specific survival via the Cox model. Patients in both groups completed the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire.
RESULTS: We included a total of 130 patients, with 47 receiving SLNB. In all cases, the sentinel lymph node could be identified, and of these, 5 had a positive result, yielding a sensitivity of 83.3 %, a specificity of 100 %, a false negative rate of 16.7 %, and a negative predictive value of 97.6 %. The sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate, and negative predictive value of END in detecting occult metastasis were 64.3 %, 100 %, 35.7 %, and 93.2 %, respectively. In comparison to END after propensity score matching, SLNB exhibited no significant difference in its effects on regional control (p = 0.519, HR: 1.05, 95 % CI: 0.52-1.93) and disease-specific survival (p = 0.634, HR: 1.22, 95 % CI: 0.53-1.99). Patients in SLNB group showed significantly higher mean scores of shoulder and taste domains at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively compared to those in END group.
CONCLUSIONS: SLNB could act as a viable alternative to END in cT1/2N0 maxillary squamous cell carcinoma with comparable prognosis and better quality of life.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: The maxillary defects left unreconstructed or inadequately reconstructed often result in significant functional and esthetic impairments. Adequate reconstruction of extensive maxillary defects requires a sufficient volume of hard and soft tissues.
METHODS: A 48-year-old male presenting bilateral extensive maxillary defects underwent secondary reconstruction with a flow-through fibula free flap in combination with an anterolateral thigh free flap.
RESULTS: The use of flow-through technique allowed minimizing the problem of limited recipient vessels and the length of free flap vascular pedicle usually encountered in secondary reconstruction. The bilateral maxillary defects were successfully reconstructed, and the postoperative outcomes were uneventful. The patient was satisfied with the treatment outcomes. He is being followed up and was referred to the implantology department for the placement of osseointegrated dental implants.
CONCLUSIONS: The flow-through fibula free flap, in combination with the anterolateral thigh free flap, was found reliable and feasible for this case of secondary reconstruction of bilateral maxillary defects. This technique has provided satisfactory functional and esthetic outcomes and effectively improved the patient\'s self-esteem.

The functional restoration of Brown class III maxillary defects is a challenging endeavour in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Conventional reconstruction techniques with osseous free flaps have certain limitations, such as the need for multiple operations and greater patient morbidity. This study introduces a single-stage computer-assisted approach for tumour resection and functional restoration of these defects using titanium mesh, zygomatic implants, and a vascularized anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF). Virtual surgical planning was used to simulate tumour resection, titanium mesh placement, and zygomatic implant insertion. Surgery was performed under the guidance of mixed reality and surgical navigation. The tumour was resected by total hemimaxillectomy, and the reconstruction was performed using a pre-bent patient-specific titanium mesh for the orbital floor and two zygomatic implants placed and exposed through tunnels in an ALTF. The ALTF survived without any perioperative complications. A fixed prosthesis with built-in titanium frame was delivered 4 months postoperatively. At the 1-year follow-up, there was no tumour recurrence, the implants were osseointegrated, and aesthetics and masticatory function were satisfactory. An occlusal force of 155 N was attained on the reconstructed side, compared to 127 N on the non-surgical side.

Objective: To analyze the long-term quality of life of patients with Brown Ⅱ maxillary defect repaired by tissue flap or prosthesis. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for maxillary malignant tumors in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from 2014 to 2017 were selected to investigate the postoperative long-term (>5 years) quality of life using the fourth edition of the University of Washington quality of life questionnaire (UW-QOL). Mann Whitney U test was used to examine the differences between two groups. Results: In this study, 4 cases were lost to follow-up, 9 died, and a total of 46 valid questionnaires were collected, including 24 males and 22 females, aged 19-86 years. There were 26 cases of class Ⅱb/c and 20 cases of class Ⅱd. Tissue flap reconstruction was performed in 29 cases (tissue flap group) and prosthesis restoration in 17 cases (prosthesis group). The score of chewing QOL in the prosthesis group was higher than that in the tissue flap reconstruction group (Z=-2.787, P=0.005), but the scores of entertainment, swallowing, speech and emotion QOL in the former group were respectively lower than those in the latter group (Z=-3.185, -2.091, -2.556 and -1.996, respectively, all P values<0.05). In patients with Brown Ⅱb/c defect, the prosthesis repair could improve the chewing QOL score (Z=-2.830, P=0.005), but no statistically significant differences in other QOL scores between two groups. In patients with Brown Ⅱd defect, the tissue flap reconstruction could improve the scores of pain, entertainment, swallowing and speech QOL (Z=-2.741, -2.517, -2.320 and -2.843, respectively, all P values<0.05), and the average QOL score in tissue flap reconstruction group was also higher than that of the prosthesis group (Z=-2.276, P=0.023). Conclusion: For postoperative long-term quality of life, both prosthesis and tissue flap reconstruction can offer satisfactory results in patients with Brown Ⅱb/c defect, and patients with Brown Ⅱd defect repaired by tissue flap reconstruction have better speech and swallowing functions. Tissue flap reconstruction may bring more entertainment and emotional benefits.
目的： 分析比较组织瓣和赝复体修复重建上颌骨BrownⅡ类缺损患者的远期生存质量。 方法： 选取2014—2017年期间于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院行上颌骨恶性肿瘤手术治疗的患者，采用第四版华盛顿大学生存质量问卷（University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire，UW-QOL）调查术后远期（>5年）生存质量，采用Mann-Whitney U检验组间差异性。 结果： 本研究失访4例，死亡9例，共收回有效问卷46份，其中男24例，女22例，年龄19~86岁。BrownⅡb/c类26例，BrownⅡd类20例；行组织瓣重建29例（即组织瓣重建组），赝复体修复17例（即赝复体组）。赝复体组咀嚼QOL得分优于组织瓣重建组（Z=-2.787，P=0.005），但娱乐、吞咽、语言、情绪QOL得分不如组织瓣重建组（Z值分别为-3.185、-2.091、-2.556、-1.996，P值均<0.05）。在BrownⅡb/c类中，赝复体修复能提高咀嚼QOL得分（Z=-2.830，P=0.005），其他QOL得分及平均分差异无统计学意义；在BrownⅡd类中，组织瓣重建能改善疼痛、娱乐、吞咽、语言QOL得分（Z值分别为-2.741、-2.517、-2.320、-2.843，P值均<0.05），且平均QOL得分优于赝复体修复（Z=-2.276，P=0.023）。 结论： 就远期效果而言，对于BrownⅡb/c类缺损患者，赝复体修复与组织瓣重建修复均能达到较满意的效果；对于BrownⅡd缺损患者，组织瓣重建有更好的语音、吞咽功能。组织瓣重建可能会带来更多娱乐、情绪方面的助益。.

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes and long-term stability of individualized titanium mesh combined with free flap for orbital floor reconstruction after maxillectomy and to identify the risk factors for titanium mesh exposure.
The data of 66 patients who underwent maxillectomy and orbital floor defect reconstruction by individualized titanium mesh in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between 2011 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative ophthalmic function and success of aesthetic restoration were assessed. Titanium mesh exposure was recorded and the risk factors were identified.
Mean follow-up was for 24.8 months (range, 6-92 months). Ophthalmic function was successfully restored in 63/66 patients. Aesthetic restoration was not considered satisfactory by 10 patients. Titanium mesh exposure occurred in six patients (exposure rate, 9.1%). Preoperative radiotherapy was identified as an independent risk factor for mesh exposure (OR = 28.8, P = 0.006). Previous surgery, postoperative radiotherapy, pathological type of the primary lesion, the type of tissue flap applied, and the use of intraoperative navigation were not significant risk factors. Six patients with titanium mesh exposure underwent second surgery, but mesh exposure recurred in two patients due to insufficient soft tissue coverage.
Individualized titanium mesh with free flap can effectively restore maxilla-orbital defects. Preoperative radiotherapy is an independent predictor of postoperative titanium mesh exposure. Adequate soft tissue coverage of the mesh may reduce the risk of mesh exposure.
4 (case-control study) Laryngoscope, 131:2231-2237, 2021.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of a modified paramedian lower lip-submandibular approach for maxillary (subtotal) total resection.
METHODS: Eleven patients of maxillary tumors underwent maxillary (subtotal) total resection through the modified paramedian lower lip-submandibular approach. Clinical follow-up visits were conducted to evaluate appearance restoration, facial nerve functional status, parotid gland functional status, and orbital region complication.
RESULTS: During the follow-up period of 6-36 months, the appearance of all 11 patients recovered well. All cases presented hidden scars. No facial nerve and parotid duct injury, lower eyelid edema, lower eyelid ectropion, or epiphora in all cases was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Applying modified paramedian lower lip-submandibular approach to maxillary (subtotal) total resection effectively reduces incidence of orbital region complications including lower eyelid edema, lower eyelid ectropion, and epiphora, which often occur to traditional approach. The modified approach produces more subtle scars than other methods and should be applied to treatment of maxillary (subtotal) total resection.
目的 探讨一种新的改良下唇旁正中-颌下入路在上颌骨（次）全切除术中的应用价值。方法 对11例上颌骨肿瘤患者采用改良下唇旁正中-颌下入路进行上颌骨（次）全切除术。术后对患者面形恢复、面神经及腮腺功能状态、眶区并发症等进行分析。结果 随访6~36个月，所有患者面形恢复良好，切口瘢痕隐蔽，均无面神经、腮腺导管损伤症状，也无下睑水肿、睑外翻、溢泪等眶区并发症。结论 改良下唇旁正中-颌下入路行上颌骨（次）全切除术可有效降低下睑水肿、睑外翻、溢泪等眶区并发症的发生率，且切口瘢痕隐蔽，未增加其他并发症的发生，值得临床推广。.