Objective: Laryngeal neuroendocrine neoplasms (LNEN) are rare, and there have been previous uncertainties regarding their classification and treatment modalities. This article aims to share our treatment experience, elucidate changes in LNEN classification, and discuss the treatment implications of different types and stages. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 11 cases of LNEN treated through surgical intervention at the Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, from January 2014 to November 2023. Among the 11 cases, there were 9 males and 2 females, with ages ranging from 61 to 77 years. Pathological classifications included neuroendocrine tumors (NET) G1 (1 case), G2 (2 cases), G3 (5 cases), small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (2 cases), and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (1 case). The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 115 months. Results: Treatment modalities varied among the cases: 5 patients underwent transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) without neck dissection, 1 patient underwent TLM with unilateral neck lymph node dissection, 1 patient underwent open partial supraglottic laryngectomy (OPSL) with ipsilateral neck lymph node dissection, and 4 patients underwent OPSL with bilateral neck lymph node dissection. Among the 11 patients, 4 died, with 2 succumbing to distant metastasis, 1 to local recurrence, and 1 to other diseases. Conclusion: The prognosis of LNEN is closely associated with the latest pathological classification and TNM staging. For a more detailed and specific clinical staging, further research involving multicenter large-scale data is needed.

Objective:To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of benign upper airway space occupancy in infants. Methods:The clinical data of 141 cases with begin upper airway space from January 2012 to January 2022 were analyzed. Among them, 101 were male and 68 were female, the age is 0-3 years old. In which there were 24 newborns. The clinical characteristics, auxiliary examination and treatment results were summarized and analyzed. Results:The main clinical manifestations of 141 infants were dyspnea and/or laryngeal wheezing, including 116 cases of congenital cyst of tongue, 15 cases of hair polyps, 4 cases of nasopharyngeal second pharyngeal fissure cysts, 2 cases of congenital laryngeal cysts, 2 cases of pharyngeal bronchial cyst, 1 case of nasopharyngeal teratoma and 1 case of myofibroma. All the infants had completed the corresponding examination and treatment. The diagnosis was clear, and there was no missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Among them, 19 infants with congenital cyst of tongue were given cyst puncture to relieve dyspnea. 2 cases of congenital cyst of tongue recurred half a year after operaion, and then they underwent reoperation. The prognosis of the remaining infants were good. Conclusion:The most common occupying of benign upper airway space occupancy is cyst, and low-temperature plasma resection under endoscope is the main treatment method. Timely puncture therapy is also a safe and effective treatment for infants who are dyspnea and life threatening.
目的：分析和总结婴幼儿上气道良性占位的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后。 方法：回顾性分析2012年1月—2022年1月我院诊治的141例上气道良性占位患儿的临床资料。其中男85例，女56例；年龄0～3岁，其中新生儿24例。对其临床特点、辅助检查、治疗结果进行总结和分析。 结果：141例患儿主要临床表现为呼吸困难和（或）喉喘鸣，其中先天性舌根囊肿116例，毛息肉15例，鼻咽部第二鳃裂囊肿4例，先天性喉小囊囊肿2例，咽部支气管源性囊肿2例，鼻咽部畸胎瘤1例，肌纤维瘤1例。所有患儿都完成相应检查和治疗，诊断明确，无漏诊或误诊，其中19例舌根囊肿患儿行囊肿穿刺术，术后随访2例先天性舌根囊肿患者，因其术后半年复发故行二次手术，其他患儿预后良好。 结论：婴幼儿上气道良性占位，以囊性肿物多见，内镜辅助下低温等离子切除病变为主要治疗方式，对于呼吸困难严重且生命危急的患儿及时的穿刺治疗也是一种安全有效的治疗方法。.

Laryngeal paraganglioma (LP) is an exceptionally rare neuroendocrine tumor, underscoring importance of accurate identification to preclude misdiagnoses. In this review, we presented two typical misdiagnosed LPs, and offered reviews of LP cases reported over the preceding decade and all documented misdiagnosed LP cases. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the underlying causes of misdiagnosis and elucidated key points for effective differentiation. A retrospective analysis of 28 LP cases revealed a predominant occurrence in middle-aged women, with an average history of 25.1 months. Through an analysis of all misdiagnosed cases (n = 37), supraglottic LPs were frequently misidentified as laryngeal carcinomas and vascular tumors, while subglottic LPs were often misdiagnosed as thyroid cancers. And the occurrence of misdiagnosis resulted in delayed and inappropriate treatments, contributing to the deterioration of LP patients (14 cases, 37.8%). In conclusion, this review endeavored to heighten awareness of LPs, with the ultimate goal of advancing diagnostic precision and enhancing patient outcomes.

This is the first case report describing an aryepiglottic cyst resulting in critical airway compromise after an uneventful tracheal intubation. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman who developed acute dyspnea and stridor several hours after the surgery. She was found to have significant upper airway obstruction owing to a large left aryepiglottic cyst with a ball-valve effect.

BACKGROUND: Hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) account for 25-30% of head and neck SCC. Total laryngectomy, while effective, compromises the quality of life. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as Camrelizumab offer potential in laryngeal preservation. The study investigated Camrelizumab combined with TP regimen as a neoadjuvant therapy for laryngeal preservation in advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal SCC.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center on patients diagnosed with locally advanced SCC of the hypopharynx and larynx from October 1, 2019, to October 25, 2022. The efficacy of a first-line treatment combining Camrelizumab (200 mg) and TP regimen (Albumin-bound paclitaxel at 260 mg/m2 and Cisplatin at 60 mg/m2) was evaluated using RECIST 1.1 criteria. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), laryngectomy-free survival (LFS), and response rates.
RESULTS: Of the 71 included patients, the median age was 60.7 years. Post the first-line treatment, 90.1% demonstrated an overall response. The one-year and two-year OS rates were 91.5% and 84.3%, respectively. One-year and two-year PFS rates were 92.9% and 83.9%, respectively, with LFS at 85.6% and 73.2%. The initial T4 stage as significantly associated with reduced OS and LFS. Skin reaction was the predominant adverse event.
CONCLUSIONS: The Camrelizumab-TP regimen demonstrated promising results for advanced hypopharyngeal/laryngeal SCC patients, exhibiting high response rates, OS, and LFS, positioning it as a potential primary option for laryngeal preservation. Further comprehensive, randomized controlled studies are imperative to validate these initial observations and elucidate the regimen\'s full clinical efficacy in optimizing laryngeal outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the roles of proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 in the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: In all, 67 LSCC patients were enrolled to evaluate the expression of IL-17, IL-23, CD8, CD31, and vascular endothelial growth factor by immunohistochemical staining. Cumulative survival time was determined by the Kaplan-Meier approach, and prognostic variables for overall survival (OS) were identified by Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: The expression of IL-17 and IL-23 was remarkably higher in LSCC tissue than in adjacent normal (AN) tissue (P < .001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM), advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, poor-differentiated grade, high microvessel density (MVD) in LSCC tissues, and high IL-17 expression in AN tissues had poorer OS (all P < .05). Cox regression analysis revealed that CLNM (HR = 7.246; 95% CI: 2.598-20.208; P < .001), high MVD in tumor tissues (HR = 4.233; 95% CI: 1.482-12.092; P = .007), and low CD8 expression in AN tissues (HR = 3.996; 95% CI: 1.442-11.074; P = .008) were significantly associated with poorer OS in LSCC, while IL-17 expression in AN tissue was not. Conclusion: High IL-17 expression in AN tissues could indicate poor prognosis and may be a prognostic marker for LSCC. Low CD8 expression in AN tissues may represent poor frontline antitumor immunity and be associated with poor prognosis.

Objective: To explore the feasibility and efficacy for the dissection and ligation of the superior laryngeal artery in endoscopic surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer. Methods: Eight cadaveric heads were selected, and the laryngopharynxes were harvested. The positions of the superior laryngeal arteries entering the larynxes were dissected and observed under endoscopic vision, and their anatomical characteristics were summarized. Twenty-nine patients (all were male, aged 39-74 years old) with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent transoral endoscopic surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected, and the patients were randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots, namely, the superior laryngeal artery was actively dissected and occluded during surgery in observation group (n=15) or not in control group (n=14). The differences in surgical time, bleeding volume, postoperative complications, and postoperative disease-free survival rate were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The entry point of the superior laryngeal artery into the larynx was approximately at the level of the superior edge of the thyroid cartilage, and entered the larynx at the posterior one-third of the lateral wall of the pyriform fossa. The superior laryngeal artery might be determined through endoscopic exploration in all patients of observation group. The endoscopic surgery time [(40.00±7.56) minutes] and intraoperative bleeding volume [(24.00±8.28) ml] in the observation group were respectively less than those [(48.57±14.06) minutes and (42.86±15.41) ml] in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=-2.064, P=0.049; t=-4.064, P=0.001). There was no case with postoperative bleeding in the observation group, but with one case of postoperative bleeding in the control group. Total disease free survival rate was 86.2% and there was no significant difference in disease free survival rates between the two groups during a follow-up period of at least 36 months (P=0.986). Conclusion: Dissection of the superior laryngeal artery during endoscopic surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer is feasible, and pre-management and occlusion of the superior laryngeal artery can effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding.
目的： 探讨下咽癌经口内镜手术中主动解剖提前凝闭喉上动脉的可行性及对手术的影响。 方法： 选择8个动静脉灌注尸头，将咽喉部离体，在内镜视野下解剖观察喉上动脉入喉位置及走行，总结其解剖特点。选取2018年1月至2019年12月于中南大学湘雅二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科接受经口内镜手术的29例下咽癌患者，均为男性，年龄39~74岁。通过抽签将纳入的患者随机分为观察组（15例）和对照组（14例），观察组术中主动解剖凝闭喉上动脉。比较2组患者在手术时间、出血量、术后并发症、术后无瘤生存率上的差异。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析。 结果： 在内镜视野下标本的喉上动脉入喉点约在甲状软骨上缘水平，于梨状窝外侧壁的后1/3处入喉。手术中观察组病例均能在内镜下探查定位到喉上动脉。观察组患者内镜手术时间［（40.00±7.56）min］短于对照组［（48.57±14.06）min］，术中出血量［（24.00±8.28）ml］低于对照组［（42.86±15.41）ml］，差异均有统计学意义（t=-2.064，P=0.049；t=-4.064，P=0.001）。观察组术后未发生出血，对照组1例术后出血，2组患者术后均无其他并发症发生。在至少36个月的随访时间中2组无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.986），2组总无瘤生存率为86.2%。 结论： 下咽癌经口内镜手术中解剖暴露喉上动脉是可行的，提前处理凝闭喉上动脉可以减少术中出血。.

Loss of laryngeal function is a primary problem faced by patients after total laryngectomy. Although the voice function of the larynx can be partially compensated by some methods(such as implanting a voice prosthesis, using an electrolarynx and so on), and swallowing dysfunction can be improved by postoperative rehabilitation training, patients still need to breathe through the tracheostoma for life. Laryngeal transplantation, as the only therapeutic measure that has the potential to completely restore laryngeal function, has been the focus of attention in the field of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery both at home and abroad. In this article, we review a case of human laryngotracheal allotransplantation that was successfully completed in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, including case presentation, preoperative evaluation and preparation, surgical procedure, and postoperative management, which will provide a reference for the future development of clinical laryngeal transplantation.
喉功能丧失是全喉切除术后患者面临的首要问题，虽然目前可以通过某些技术手段（如植入发音钮、使用电子喉等）使喉的发声功能得到部分补偿，通过术后康复训练等改善吞咽功能障碍，但患者仍需终身经气管造瘘口呼吸。喉移植作为目前唯一有可能完全恢复喉功能的治疗措施，一直是国内外耳鼻咽喉头颈外科领域关注的焦点。本文从患者病例介绍、术前评估与准备、手术过程、术后管理4个主要方面回顾四川大学华西医院成功完成的1例人喉-气管同种异体移植术，为今后临床喉移植的发展提供参考。.

BACKGROUND: Preserving laryngeal function and reconstructing the hypopharynx in advanced hypopharyngeal cancer pose significant challenges for head and neck surgeons.
METHODS: A 48-year-old male patient was diagnosed with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer originating from the left pyriform sinus. The tumor extended into the hypopharynx, left vocal cord, ventricular fold, partial aryepiglottic fold, and a segment of the cervical esophagus. A curative tumor resection was performed, and a well-thought-out strategy was employed for hypopharyngeal repair and laryngeal reconstruction.
RESULTS: Following the surgery, the patient demonstrated exceptional flap survival, and the tracheostomy tube was removed at the 6-month mark. No surgery-related complications were observed, and both swallowing and vocal functions exhibited a robust recovery.
CONCLUSIONS: Our reconstruction strategy proves effective in preserving laryngeal function among patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.

本文报道1例Ⅳ型喉裂患儿成功救治的过程。患儿男性，年龄3个月余，经全身麻醉下硬性喉气管镜检查明确诊断为Ⅳ型喉裂，喉裂下端深达胸廓入口内。采用了保留自主呼吸单肺插管通气，颈前正中入路、长段肋软骨支架环后移植重建环状软骨板联合T管置入的手术方案，喉裂修补完全，术后7个月成功拔除T管，术后10个月随访患儿恢复良好。.