抗IgLON家族成员5(IgLON5)疾病是一种罕见的自身免疫性脑炎,以睡眠问题为特征,认知能力下降,步态异常,和球功能障碍。抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤灭活1(LGI1)自身免疫性脑炎以认知功能障碍为特征,精神障碍,面臂肌张力障碍发作(FBDS),还有低钠血症.各种研究报告说,2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)对神经系统有影响,并诱发广泛的神经系统症状。自身免疫性脑炎是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2感染的神经系统并发症之一。直到现在,很少报道COVID-19后同时存在抗IgLON5和抗LGI1受体抗体的自身免疫性脑炎。该病例报告描述了一名40岁的男性,他表现出睡眠行为障碍,白天嗜睡,paramnesia,认知能力下降,FBDS,和COVID-19后的焦虑。血清抗IgLON5和抗LGI1受体抗体呈阳性,脑脊液中抗LGI1受体抗体呈阳性。患者出现抗IgLON5疾病的典型症状,如睡眠行为障碍,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停,和白天嗜睡。此外,他介绍了FBDS,这在抗LGI1脑炎中很常见。因此,患者被诊断为抗IgLON5疾病和抗LGI1自身免疫性脑炎.患者在大剂量类固醇和霉酚酸酯治疗后好转。该病例有助于提高对COVID-19后罕见自身免疫性脑炎的认识。
Anti-IgLON family member 5 (
IgLON5) disease is a rare autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by sleep problems, cognitive decline, gait abnormalities, and bulbar dysfunction. Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, mental disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), and hyponatremia. Various studies report that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an effect on the nervous system and induce a wide range of neurological symptoms. Autoimmune encephalitis is one of the neurological complications in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Until now, autoimmune encephalitis with both anti-
IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies following COVID-19 is rarely reported. The case report described a 40-year-old man who presented with sleep behavior disorder, daytime sleepiness, paramnesia, cognitive decline, FBDS, and anxiety following COVID-19. Anti-
IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in serum, and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient presented with typical symptoms of anti-
IgLON5 disease such as sleep behavior disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, he presented with FBDS, which is common in anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with anti-
IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis. The patient turned better after high-dose steroid and mycophenolate mofetil therapy. The case serves to increase the awareness of rare autoimmune encephalitis after COVID-19.