{Reference Type}: Case Reports
{Title}: Anti-IgLON5 disease complicated with rectal adenocarcinoma: a case report.
{Author}: Li Y;Zhang L;Wang Y;
{Journal}: BMC Neurol
{Volume}: 23
{Issue}: 1
{Year}: Jan 2023 3
{Factor}: 2.903
{DOI}: 10.1186/s12883-022-03044-y
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Anti-IgLON5 disease is a rare chronic autoimmune-mediated tauopathy, featured by the sleep disturbance. Several studies have described its clinical characteristics, however, the simultaneous occurrence of anti-IgLON5 disease and rectal cancer has not been reported. We described an unusual entity of anti-IgLON5 disease complicated with rectal cancer.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>A 76-year-old man initially presented with slurred speech and limb tremors, followed by epileptic-like seizures, lethargy, and sleep apnea. IgG anti-IgLON5 antibodies were positive in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The patient responded well to the treatment of plasma exchange and a pulse and gradual reduction of steroids therapy. When the oral steroids started, mycophenolate mofetil was added. Two months later, the patient had bloody stools and pathological-confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Whereas sleep disturbance is the most common feature in patients with anti-IgLON5 disease, our case presented with slurred speech and limb tremors. Anti-IgLON5 disease complicated with rectal cancer is very rare. Tumor screening should be considered in patients with anti-IgLON5 disease to investigate the association between tumor and this disease.