沙米(苦叶菜),广泛分布于亚洲中部干旱地区,并普遍存在于中国北方的沙丘,作为一种气候适应作物,具有很好的潜力。下胚轴生长的可塑性是沙稻应对风蚀和沙葬的关键性状,确保幼苗出苗,并确定植物结构。在这项研究中,我们评估了六个沙稻优良系的整体下胚轴表型,它们来自中国北方的不同地区,并由我们小组在过去十年中通过普通花园试验选出。在千粒重(TSW)中观察到显着的表型变异,幼苗出苗率,下胚轴长度和直径,和幼苗之间的新鲜重量。优良品系Aerxiang(AEX)表现出优异的农艺性能,具有优越的同步出现,和高存活率,将自己区分为进一步大规模种植的主要候选人。相反,干旱地区的品系表现明显较低。偏最小二乘路径模型(PLSPM)用于评估种子种源气候因子的影响,包括年平均气温(AMT)和年平均降水量(AMP),品系之间的性状变异性。研究结果表明,气候因子与下胚轴长度之间存在显着相关性,突出了沙米对当地气候的复杂适应性。对表型变异背后的机制的全面理解为沙稻从头驯化和创新种质资源提供了宝贵的见解,为沙区生态恢复奠定基础。
Sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum), widely distributed in Central Arid Asia and prevalent in the sand dunes of northern
China, presents a promising potential as a climate-resilient crop. The plasticity of hypocotyl growth is the key trait for sand rice to cope with wind erosion and sand burial, ensure seedling emergence, and determine plant architecture. In this study, we assessed the overall hypocotyl phenotype of six sand rice elite lines, which were collected from different regions of northern
China, and selected by our group over past decade through common garden trials. Significant phenotypic variations were observed in thousand-seed weight (TSW), seedling emergence percentage, hypocotyl length and diameter, and seedling fresh weight among the lines. The elite line Aerxiang (AEX) exhibited excellent agronomic performance with superior and synchronous emergence, and high survival percentage, distinguishing itself as a prime candidate for further large-scale cultivation. Contrastingly, the lines from the arid regions showed markedly lower performance. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLSPM) was used to assess the impact of seed provenance climate factors, including annual mean temperature (AMT) and annual mean precipitation (AMP), on trait variability among lines. The findings indicate a significant correlation between climate factors and hypocotyl length, highlighting the intricate adaptation of sand rice to local climate. The comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind phenotypic variations offers valuable insights for sand rice de novo domestication and innovative germplasm resources, and lays the foundation for ecological restoration in sandy areas.