膜翅目对人类具有重要意义,特别是在热带和亚热带地区,由于其作为野生和栽培开花植物的传粉者的作用,破坏性昆虫和蜂蜜生产者的寄生虫。尽管有这种重要性,在大多数保护区中,对膜翅目昆虫的遗传多样性和分子鉴定的关注有限。这项研究提供了对从HazarganjiChiltan国家公园(HCNP)收集的膜翅目昆虫的第一个DNA条形码的见解,并为DNA条形码的全球参考库做出了贡献。使用Malaise陷阱共收集了784个昆虫标本,其中538(68.62%)个标本在形态上被鉴定为膜翅目昆虫。8月观察到膜翅目物种的最高丰度(133/538,24.72%),11月最少(16/538,2.97%)。使用标准的酚-氯仿方法从90/538(16.73%)形态学鉴定的标本中单独进行基因组DNA提取,通过扩增细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1(cox1)基因分别进行PCR以进行分子确认。获得的序列的BLAST分析显示与相关序列具有91.64%至100%的同一性,并与澳大利亚报道的相应序列进行了系统发育聚类,保加利亚,加拿大,芬兰,德国,印度,以色列,和巴基斯坦。此外,共有13个条形码索引号(BIN)由生命数据系统条形码(BOLD)分配,其中12个是非唯一的,一个是唯一的(BOLD:AEU1239),被分配给Anthidium点。这表明HCNP中膜翅目种群的潜在地理差异。需要进一步的全面研究,以分子确认HCNP中现有的昆虫物种,并评估其对环境的影响,两者都是有益的(例如,授粉,蜂蜜生产者和天敌)和有害(例如,毒刺,作物损害,和病原体传播)。
The order
Hymenoptera holds great significance for humans, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, due to its role as a pollinator of wild and cultivated flowering plants, parasites of destructive insects and honey producers. Despite this importance, limited attention has been given to the genetic diversity and molecular identification of Hymenopteran insects in most protected areas. This study provides insights into the first DNA barcode of Hymenopteran insects collected from Hazarganji Chiltan National Park (HCNP) and contributes to the global reference library of DNA barcodes. A total of 784 insect specimens were collected using Malaise traps, out of which 538 (68.62%) specimens were morphologically identified as Hymenopteran insects. The highest abundance of species of
Hymenoptera (133/538, 24.72%) was observed during August and least in November (16/538, 2.97%). Genomic DNA extraction was performed individually from 90/538 (16.73%) morphologically identified specimens using the standard phenol-chloroform method, which were subjected separately to the PCR for their molecular confirmation via the amplification of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The BLAST analyses of obtained sequences showed 91.64% to 100% identities with related sequences and clustered phylogenetically with their corresponding sequences that were reported from Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, Germany, India, Israel, and Pakistan. Additionally, total of 13 barcode index numbers (BINs) were assigned by Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD), out of which 12 were un-unique and one was unique (BOLD: AEU1239) which was assigned for Anthidium punctatum. This indicates the potential geographical variation of Hymenopteran population in HCNP. Further comprehensive studies are needed to molecularly confirm the existing insect species in HCNP and evaluate their impacts on the environment, both as beneficial (for example, pollination, honey producers and natural enemies) and detrimental (for example, venomous stings, crop damage, and pathogens transmission).