Although aspirin is deeply rooted in the most ancient history of medicine, the mechanism of action of this drug was only identified a few decades ago. Aspirin has several indications ranging from its long-known analgesic and antipyretic properties to the more recently discovered antithrombotic, chemopreventive and anti-eclampsia actions. In addition, a recent line of research has identified aspirin as a drug with potential hepatologic indications. This article specifically focuses on the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD/MASLD) field. To this end, the most recently published randomized controlled trial on aspirin for non-cirrhotic MASLD is summarized and discussed. Moreover, previous epidemiologic evidence supporting the notion that aspirin exerts antisteatotic and antifibrotic hepatic effects, which may result in the primary prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma, is also addressed. Next, the putative mechanisms involved are examined, with reference to the effects on adipose tissue and liver and sex differences in the action of aspirin. It is concluded that these novel findings on aspirin as a \"hepatologic drug\" deserve additional in-depth evaluation.
Although aspirin is part of the history of medicine, its mechanism of action was only discovered a few decades ago. Aspirin can be used to treat pain, fever, inflammation and conditions where the blood tends to clot excessively (hypercoagulate) as well as for the prevention of certain types of cancer. Additionally, recent research has identified potential hepatologic indications and beneficial actions of aspirin among the so-called fatty liver disorders owing to conditions which disrupt the body’s regular metabolic functions and disorders (such as obesity and diabetes). This article discusses a recently published study while also addressing previous studies supporting the notion that aspirin might have pharmacologic action against fatty liver and its progression to scarring tissue (liver fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis) and prevent the most common type of primary liver cancer. Aspirin not only acts on the blood cells that protect against hemorrhage (i.e., the platelets) but also targets other tissues such as adipose tissue and the liver. Importantly, biologic sex may affect the pharmacologic action of aspirin. Collectively, the discoveries summarized in our article justify additional investigations into aspirin as a “novel” drug in the hepatologic field.

The Institute of Chinese Medical History and Literature in the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was officially established on May 28, 1982. Its predecessor was the Medical History Research Office in the Chinese Medicine Institute of the Central Institute of Health, the Editorial Office of the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the Theory and Literature Research Office of the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Before that, the Research Office of Chinese Medical History and Literature in the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was established in 1971. It made remarkable achievements in scientific research, personnel training and discipline construction in terms of medical history and literature. It was upgraded to the Institute with the approval of the Ministry of Health in 1980. After its establishment, the institute has benefited from great achievements.
1982年5月28日，中医研究院中国医史文献研究所正式成立。其前身是中央卫生研究院中国医药研究所的医史研究室和中医研究院的编审室、针灸研究所文献理论研究室等，1971年组建为中医研究院医史文献研究室，在医史文献科学研究、人才培养、学科建设等方面取得显著成绩，1980年经卫生部批准升格建所。它的成立反映了继承发扬祖国医药学遗产的客观需要，建所后有利于更好地出成果，更快地出人才，取得医史文献研究的更大成绩。.

暂无摘要。

This paper introduced the content of the Index of Research on the History of Medicine in Chinese (1900s-2019), explained the compilation methods and their features and followed with comprehensive comments. The paper clarified the importance of this book for history research and the possible influence it might bring to practical research for medical history, with historical research method. It was found that the book failed to offer page numbers for some monographs, failed to sort alphabetically by authors\' last names, and failed to compile chronologically according to the year of publication. However, this book integrated the research results of physicians, scientists, and historians in a variety of areas and fields, presented the century-old development of Chinese medical history and enabled readers to review the overall development trends of medicine. It might be helpful for readers to develop their own research proposals and methods by making use of this book with its databases.
除介绍《中文医史研究学术成果索引（20世纪初至2019年）》一书的内容外，并对其编排方式和特色进行具体介绍，最后再进行评述。从一般的史学方法着手，再以作者的研究心得，来说明目录学之书对研究史学的重要性，并说明该书对研究医疗史可能产生的帮助。书中虽有专题论文未标示页码、依照作者姓氏字母来排序的问题，以及学术专著排列可以依出版年代来编排等需要改进之处，但总体而言，将医家、科学家与史家等各领域的研究成果，融会于一书之中，借以呈现中国医疗史研究的百年发展状况，可以让读者掌握该学科的整体发展趋势，并以该书为基础，配合数据库一起运用，来思索更多研究议题与方法。.

Henrik Sjögren was a Swedish ophthalmologist who wrote a dissertation (in German) consisting of a 131-page long monograph on patients who exhibited a constellation of keratitis sicca, xerostomia and arthritis. This article highlights several key moments of his life and work leading to the delineation of a new syndrome.
UNASSIGNED: Henrik Sjögren war ein schwedischer Ophthalmologe, der eine aus einer 131 Seiten langen Monographie bestehende Dissertation (auf Deutsch) über Patienten verfasste, bei denen die Konstellation aus einer Keratitis sicca, einer Xerostomie und einer Arthritis bestand. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden einige entscheidende Zeitpunkte aus seinem Leben und Werk dargestellt, welches zur Beschreibung eines neuen Syndroms führte.

Surgeons and their patients recognise that one of the major advances in surgical technique over the last 20 years has been the growth of minimal access surgery by means of laparoscopic and robotic approaches. Partnerships with industry have facilitated the development of advanced technical instruments, light sources, recording devices and optics which are almost out of date by the time they are introduced to surgical practice. However, lest we think that technological innovation is entirely a modern concept, we should remember that our predecessors were masters of their craft and able to apply new technologies to surgical practice. The history of minimal access surgery can be traced back to approximately 5000 years ago and this review aims to remind us of the achievements of historical doctors and engineers, as well as bring more modern developments to wider attention.This review will comprise a three-part series:Part I 3000BC to 1850 Early instruments for viewing body cavitiesPart II 1850 to 1990 Technological developmentsPart III 1990 to present Organisational issues and the rise of the robots.

The last 30 years have seen a revolution in the provision of minimal access surgery for many conditions, and technological advances are increasing exponentially. Many instruments are superseded by improved versions before the NHS and publicly funded health services can offer widespread coverage. Although we tend to think of minimal access surgery as a modern concept, Parts I and II of this series have shown that there is a 5000-year history to this specialty and our predecessors laid down many principles which still apply today. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, minimal access surgery was driven forward by visionary individuals, often in the face of opposition from colleagues and the medical establishment. However, in the last 30 years, innovation has been driven more in partnerships between healthcare, scientific, financial, educational and charitable organisations. There are far too many individuals involved to detail every contribution here, but this third part of the series will concentrate on some of the important themes in the development of minimal access surgery to its current status.

This is the second of a three-part series that charts the history of minimal access surgery from antiquity to current times. Although rapid developments in laparoscopic and robotic surgery have transformed surgical care over the last 30 years, our predecessors made significant advances in their time which set the principles for modern practice. Part I of this series described how ancient medical practitioners developed simple instruments, from metal or wood, for viewing body cavities. Improvements in the use of metal, glass and lighting allowed for inspection of deeper parts of the body. This second part of the series will show how advances in electrical technology allowed the development of improved lighting for endoscopy and laparoscopy along with the use of electrocautery for a wide range of therapeutic procedures.

The Chinese Society of Medical History of the Chinese Medical Association is one of the most important organizations for the study of history of medicine in China. Many of its early members were both doctors and medical historians. Using the name list of this society in the Republic of China, along with other materials like medical journals and popular newspapers, the author tried to present a brief introduction of their achievements in modern medicine and contributions to the history of medicine. Also, it is the author\'s wish to attract attentions of more doctors of modern medicine to the study of history of medicine.
中华医学会医史学分会是中国医学史研究的重要学术组织，其早期成员中有许多都身兼医生、医史学者2职。文章以中华医史学会会员录为基础史料，结合近现代医学期刊及大众报刊等资料，对1949年之前西医会员的生平、医学成就及其医史研究工作进行了简单回顾。希望增进学界对前辈学者之了解，亦期呼吁更多西医同仁关注医学史研究。.

Qingming Shanghe Tu(Along the River During the Qingming Festival) is a traditional Chinese painting created by Zhang Zeduan, a Northern Song Dynasty painter. The painting, which showed us the daily life of citizens in Northern Song\'s Bianjing(capital of the country), had an important value for studying the society and folkways of the Northern Song Dynasty.Therefore, many articles and books refer to the signboard with words \"specialized in the bone-setting\" as an evidence to prove the existence of orthopaedic clinics in Northern Song Dynasty.Through textual research, we found signboard with words \"specialized in the bone-setting\" did not exist in the Qingming Shanghe Tu, but in one of its facsimile titled \"Qing Court Version\" . The \"Qing Court Version\" depicted the daily life and culture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In conclusion: the previous inference that the orthopaedic therapy was widely applicated among the people of Northern Song Dynasty is inaccurate.
《清明上河图》是北宋画家张择端创作的风俗长卷，画卷呈现了北宋年间汴京的市井百态，对研究宋代社会和民俗有直观的参考价值。许多论文和书籍中提到了写有\"专门接骨\"字样的招牌，并据此推断北宋年间已经有专门的骨科诊所。经考证，写有\"专门接骨\"字样的招牌不在《清明上河图》中，而在其摹本\"清院本\"中。\"清院本\"反映的是明清时期的社会生活。故以此推断\"我国宋代骨科疗法已经普遍应用于民间\"的说法是欠严谨的。.