■心理因素对次优健康状况(SHS)的影响已被广泛描述;但是,大五人格特质和SHS之间复杂关系背后的机制尚不清楚。在预测的框架下,识别具有特定特征的SHS易感人群将有助于提高生活质量并降低慢性病负担,预防性,和个性化医疗(PPPM/3PM)。这项研究调查了人格特质与SHS之间的关系。它还探讨了感知压力是否在SHS发展中起中介作用。
■在2022年6月20日至8月31日期间,在中国148个城市进行了基于多阶段随机抽样的全国横断面调查。人格特质,感知压力,和SHS使用五大库存-10(BFI-10)进行评估,4项感知压力量表(PSS-4),和简短形式的次优健康状况问卷(SHSQ-SF),分别。Pearson的相关分析被用来检验人格特质之间的关联,感知压力,和SHS。结构方程模型(SEM)用于识别感知压力在人格特质与SHS之间的关系中的中介作用。
■共有22,897名参与者参加了这项研究,其中SHS的患病率为52.9%。SHS与三个性状维度呈负相关(即,外向,令人愉快,和责任心),但与神经质呈正相关。同时,压力与外向性呈负相关,令人愉快,尽责,和开放性,而与神经质呈正相关。SEM结果表明,当调整协变量时(即,性别,年龄,BMI,教育水平,现居,婚姻状况,和职业状况),较高的同意(β=-0.049,P<0.001)和认真(β=-0.103,P<0.001)导致较低的SHS患病率,较高的神经质(β=0.130,P<0.001),和开放性(β=0.026,P<0.001)导致SHS更加普遍。感知压力在人格特质与SHS之间的关系中起部分中介作用,分别,贡献41.3%,35.9%,和32.5%的同意的总效果,尽责,和SHS上的神经质。此外,即使外向性对SHS没有直接影响,应激的中介作用也是显著的.
■这项研究揭示了SHS在中国居民中的高患病率。人格特质显著影响SHS率,感知到的压力倾向于调解。从PPPM的角度来看,对神经质患者的早期筛查和有针对性的干预(以及减轻压力)可能有助于增强健康和预防慢性病.
■在线版本包含补充材料,可在10.1007/s13167-023-00349-x获得。
UNASSIGNED: The effects of psychological factors on suboptimal health status (SHS) have been widely described; however, mechanisms behind the complex relationships among the Big Five personality traits and SHS are unclear. Identifying people with specific traits who are susceptible to SHS will help improve life quality and reduce the chronic disease burden under the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM). This study investigated the relationships among personality traits and SHS. It also explored whether perceived stress plays a mediating role in SHS development.
UNASSIGNED: A nationwide cross-sectional survey based on multistage random sampling was conducted in 148 cities in
China between June 20 and August 31, 2022. Personality traits, perceived stress, and SHS were evaluated using the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), and the Short-Form Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire (SHSQ-SF), respectively. Pearson\'s correlation analysis was employed to examine the associations between personality traits, perceived stress, and SHS. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to discern the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationships among personality traits and SHS.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 22,897 participants were enrolled in this study, among whom the prevalence of SHS was 52.9%. SHS was negatively correlated with three trait dimensions (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) but positively correlated with neuroticism. Meanwhile, stress was negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness, whereas it was positively correlated with neuroticism. The SEM results showed that, when adjusting for covariates (i.e., gender, age, BMI, educational level, current residence, marital status, and occupational status), higher agreeableness (β = - 0.049, P < 0.001) and conscientiousness (β = - 0.103, P < 0.001) led to lower SHS prevalence, higher neuroticism (β = 0.130, P < 0.001), and openness (β = 0.026, P < 0.001) caused SHS to be more prevalent. Perceived stress played a partial mediating role in the relationships among personality traits and SHS, respectively, contributing 41.3%, 35.9%, and 32.5% to the total effects of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism on SHS. Additionally, the mediating impact of stress was significant even though extraversion had no direct effect on SHS.
UNASSIGNED: This study revealed a high prevalence of SHS in Chinese residents. Personality traits significantly influenced SHS rates, which perceived stress tended to mediate. From a PPPM perspective, early screening and targeted intervention for people with neuroticism (as well as stress alleviation) might contribute to health enhancement and chronic disease prevention.
UNASSIGNED: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-023-00349-x.