赛璐oid,塑料的前身,合成于1869年,由于技术进步,塑料制品在日常生活中无处不在。大规模生产,猖獗的使用,塑料制品处置不当导致严重的环境污染。因此,减少塑料的就业已成为全球各国政府的紧迫关切。这篇综述探讨了微塑料,包括它们的起源,吸收,以及对环境和人类的有害影响。有几种分解塑料的方法,包括热,机械,光,催化,和生物过程。尽管有这些方法,微塑料(国会议员,尺寸在1至5毫米之间)在降解过程中继续产生。必须承认国会议员对环境和人类健康构成的重大威胁。这种形式的污染在空气和食物中普遍存在,并通过摄入渗入我们的身体,吸入,或皮肤接触。评估国会议员可以引入的潜在危害至关重要。有证据表明,国会议员可能对人类健康的不同领域产生负面影响。这些包括呼吸,胃肠,免疫,紧张,和生殖系统,肝脏和器官,皮肤,甚至胎盘和胎盘屏障。令人鼓舞的是,大多数国家已经采取措施规范塑料颗粒。这些措施旨在减少塑料的使用,这在今天是必不可少的。同时,本文综述了塑料的降解机理,它们对人类健康的影响,和全球塑料减排政策。它为未来有关国会议员和法规发展的研究提供了有价值的信息。
Celluloid, the predecessor to plastic, was synthesized in 1869, and due to technological advancements, plastic products appear to be ubiquitous in daily life. The massive production, rampant usage, and inadequate disposal of plastic products have led to severe environmental pollution. Consequently, reducing the employment of plastic has emerged as a pressing concern for governments globally. This review explores microplastics, including their origins, absorption, and harmful effects on the environment and humans. Several methods exist for breaking down plastics, including thermal, mechanical, light, catalytic, and biological processes. Despite these methods, microplastics (MPs, between 1 and 5 mm in size) continue to be produced during degradation. Acknowledging the significant threat that MPs pose to the environment and human health is imperative. This form of pollution is pervasive in the air and food and infiltrates our bodies through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. It is essential to assess the potential
hazards that MPs can introduce. There is evidence suggesting that MPs may have negative impacts on different areas of human health. These include the respiratory, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous, and reproductive systems, the liver and organs, the skin, and even the placenta and placental barrier. It is encouraging to see that most of the countries have taken steps to regulate plastic particles. These measures aim to reduce plastic usage, which is essential today. At the same time, this review summarizes the degradation mechanism of plastics, their impact on human health, and plastic reduction policies worldwide. It provides valuable information for future research on MPs and regulatory development.