背景:Squamosa启动子结合蛋白样(SPL)是一种植物特异性转录因子,广泛参与植物生长和发育的调节,包括花和谷物的发育,应激反应,和次生代谢产物的合成。然而,该基因家族尚未在大麦中进行全面评估,最有适应性的谷类作物,营养价值高。
结果:在这项研究中,根据大麦基因组共鉴定出15个HvSPL基因.根据HvSPL基因的染色体分布将这些基因命名为HvSPL1至HvSPL15,并分为七个组(I,II,III,V,VI,VII,和VIII)基于系统发育树分析。染色体定位揭示了一对串联重复基因和一对分段重复基因。HvSPL基因与单子叶植物表现出最高的共线性,Zeamays(27对),其次是水稻(18对),双色高粱(16对),和拟南芥(3对),与番茄的同源基因最少(1对)。HvSPL基因在进化树中的分布相对分散,和HvSPL蛋白倾向于与来自Z.mays和O.sativa的SPL蛋白聚集,表明单子叶植物的HvSPL和SPL蛋白之间存在密切关系。最后,使用定量实时聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)确定了来自不同亚家族的14个HvSPL基因的时空表达模式。根据结果,HvSPL基因家族表现出组织特异性表达,并在谷物发育和非生物胁迫中起调节作用。HvSPL基因在种子发育过程中在各种组织中高度表达。HvSPL基因在六种非生物胁迫条件下的表达水平表明,许多基因对胁迫有反应,特别是HvSPL8,在多种胁迫条件下表现出高表达,因此值得进一步关注。
结论:在这项研究中,在大麦基因组中鉴定出15个SPL基因家族成员,和系统发育关系,基因结构,复制事件,基因表达,研究了这些基因在谷子发育中的潜在作用。本研究结果为探索大麦HvSPL基因和进行大麦分子育种奠定了基础。
BACKGROUND: Squamosa promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) is a plant-specific transcription factor that is widely involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, including flower and grain development, stress responses, and secondary metabolite synthesis. However, this gene family has not been comprehensively evaluated in barley, the most adaptable cereal crop with a high nutritional value.
RESULTS: In this study, a total of 15 HvSPL genes were identified based on the Hordeum vulgare genome. These genes were named HvSPL1 to HvSPL15 based on the chromosomal distribution of the HvSPL genes and were divided into seven groups (I, II, III, V, VI, VII, and VIII) based on the phylogenetic tree analysis. Chromosomal localization revealed one pair of tandem duplicated genes and one pair of segmental duplicated genes. The HvSPL genes exhibited the highest collinearity with the monocotyledonous plant, Zea mays (27 pairs), followed by Oryza sativa (18 pairs), Sorghum bicolor (16 pairs), and Arabidopsis thaliana (3 pairs), and the fewest homologous genes with Solanum lycopersicum (1 pair). The distribution of the HvSPL genes in the evolutionary tree was relatively scattered, and HvSPL proteins tended to cluster with SPL proteins from Z. mays and O. sativa, indicating a close relationship between HvSPL and SPL proteins from monocotyledonous plants. Finally, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of the 14 HvSPL genes from different subfamilies were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on the results, the HvSPL gene family exhibited tissue-specific expression and played a regulatory role in grain development and abiotic stress. HvSPL genes are highly expressed in various tissues during seed development. The expression levels of HvSPL genes under the six abiotic stress conditions indicated that many genes responded to stress, especially HvSPL8, which exhibited high expression under multiple stress conditions, thereby warranting further attention.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 15 SPL gene family members were identified in the genome of Hordeum vulgare, and the phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, replication events, gene expression, and potential roles of these genes in millet development were studied. Our findings lay the foundation for exploring the HvSPL genes and performing molecular breeding of barley.