背景:气候变化导致降雨不稳定和干旱时间延长,从而对作物生产力构成严重威胁。由于干旱事件的严重性,必须采取积极措施,增强水稻等干旱敏感作物的抵御能力。因此,本研究旨在通过施用γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)来提高水稻的耐旱性。
方法:实验包括四个GABA浓度,即0mM作为对照,1mM,1.5mM,和2mM,两个水位,即,100%和50%的田间能力(对于充分浇水,称为FC100,对于干旱条件,称为FC50,分别),和两个芳香水稻品种,即,超级巴斯马蒂和巴斯马蒂515。
结果:研究结果揭示了在充分浇水(FC100)和限水(FC50)条件下,在香米中应用GABA的各种参数的全面提高,与对照相比。具体来说,在株高观察到GABA诱导的增强,根长,鲜重,干重,总可溶性蛋白质含量,和两个品种的总游离氨基酸含量。此外,GABA的应用显著进步了过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,在提高花青素水平的同时,同时降低FC100和FC50处理中的H2O2含量。此外,GABA对形态性状的积极影响,随着穗长的显著增加,每山的总耕地面积和生产性耕地面积,每穗的分枝和粒数,在两种水情下,超级巴斯马蒂和巴斯马蒂515品种的粒重为1000粒,与Ck相比。同样,SuperBasmati和Basmati-515的粮食产量在FC100下分别提高了31.01%和27.32%,在FC50下分别提高了36.85%和27.71%,为了响应GABA的应用,与Ck相比。此外,主成分分析(PCA)揭示了归因于Dim1和Dim2的显著方差,方差分别为86.1%和4.0%,分别,在包括水稻品种的三个双区中,水位,和GABA治疗。值得注意的是,所有测试的指标,除了H2O2和每山的非生产性分till,它们之间以及与水稻产量呈正相关,进一步强调在水分充足和干旱条件下施用GABA对香稻的有益作用。
结论:GABA在充分浇水(FC100)和限水(FC50)条件下均显着提高了香米的性能。此外,将GABA应用纳入水稻种植实践不仅可以提高作物对干旱胁迫的抵御能力,而且可能有利于全球未来的粮食和营养安全。然而,然而,需要进一步的研究来了解GABA在香米中的功能的细胞和分子机制,特别是在干旱条件下。
BACKGROUND: Changing climate is causing erratic rainfall and prolonged drought periods, thus posing serious threats to crop productivity. Owing to severity of drought events, it is imperative to take proactive measures to enhance the resilience of drought sensitive crops like rice. Therefore, the present study was carried out to improve the drought stress tolerance in rice through gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) application.
METHODS: The experiment was included four GABA concentrations i.e., 0 mM as control, 1 mM, 1.5 mM, and 2 mM, two water levels i.e., 100% and 50% field capacity (referred as FC100 for well-watered and FC50 for drought conditions, respectively), and two fragrant rice cultivars i.e., Super Basmati and Basmati-515.
RESULTS: The findings unveiled a comprehensive improvement in various parameters with GABA application in fragrant rice under both well-watered (FC100) and water-limited (FC50) conditions, compared to the control. Specifically, GABA induced enhancements were observed in plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, total soluble protein content, and total free amino acid content across both cultivars. Moreover, GABA application significantly improved peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, alongside elevating anthocyanin levels, while concurrently reducing H2O2 contents in both FC100 and FC50 treatments. Furthermore, the positive impact of GABA extended to morphological traits, with notable increases in panicle length, total tillers and productive tillers per hill, branch and grain numbers per panicle, and 1000-grain weight for Super Basmati and Basmati 515 cultivars under both water regimes, compared to Ck. Similarly, the grain yield increased by 31.01% and 27.32% under FC100 and 36.85% and 27.71% under FC50 in Super Basmati and Basmati-515, respectively, in response to GABA application, compared to Ck. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant variances attributed to Dim1 and Dim2, with 86.1% and 4.0% of the variance, respectively, across three bi-plots encompassing rice cultivars, water levels, and GABA treatments. Notably, all tested indices, except for H2O2 and non-productive tillers per hill, exhibited positive correlations amongst themselves and with rice yield, further emphasizing the beneficial effects of GABA application on fragrant rice under well-watered and drought conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: GABA significantly improved fragrant rice performance under both well-watered (FC100) and water-limited (FC50) conditions. Moreover, integrating GABA application into rice cultivation practices could not only improve the crop resilience to drought stress but also potentially benefiting the future food and nutritional security globally. However, however; further research is needed to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the functionality of GABA in fragrant rice, particularly under drought conditions.