OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between violent behaviors and emotions in individuals with mental disorders, to evaluate the application value of facial expression analysis technology in violence risk assessment of individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings, and to provide a reference for violence risk assessment.
METHODS: Thirty-nine male individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings were selected, the participant risk of violence, cognitive function, psychiatric symptoms and severity were assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), the Historical, Clinical, Risk Management-Chinese version(HCR-CV), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). An emotional arousal was performed on the participants and the intensity of their emotions and facial expression action units was recorded before, during and after the arousal. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences in the intensity of emotions and facial expression action units before, during and after the arousal. Pearson correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlations between the intensity of the seven basic emotional facial expressions and the scores of the assessment scales.
RESULTS: The intensity difference of sadness, surprise and fear in different time periods was statistically significant (P<0.05). The intensity of the left medial eyebrow lift action unit was found significantly different before and after the emotional arousal (P<0.05). The intensity of anger was positively correlated with the Modified Overt Aggression Scale score throughout the experiment (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Eye action units such as eyebrow lifting, eyelid tightening and upper eyelid lifting can be used as effective action units to identify sadness, anger and other negative emotions associated with violent behaviors. Facial expression analysis technology can be used as an auxiliary tool to assess the potential risk of violence in individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings.
目的: 探究精神障碍者暴力攻击行为与其情绪之间的联系，评价表情分析技术在监管场所内精神障碍者暴力风险评估中的应用价值，为暴力风险评估提供参考依据。方法: 选取39例监管场所男性精神障碍者，采用修改版外显攻击行为量表，暴力历史、临床、风险评估量表中文版，阳性与阴性症状量表和简明精神病量表，评估受试者的暴力风险、认知功能、精神症状及严重程度，对受试者进行情绪唤醒并记录唤醒前、唤醒后及唤醒过程中的情绪及表情动作单元强度，采用单因素重复测量方差分析比较唤醒前、唤醒后及唤醒过程中的情绪和表情动作单元强度差异，并采用Pearson相关分析计算7种基础情绪表情强度与评估量表评分间的相关性。结果: 受试者的悲伤、惊奇和惧怕3种情绪在不同时间段强度差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），左内侧眉毛提起动作单元强度在诱发情绪前后强度差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），愤怒情绪强度在整个研究过程中均与修改版外显攻击行为量表评分呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论: 眉毛提起、眼睑收紧、上眼睑提起等眼部动作单元可以作为识别暴力攻击行为相关的负性情绪（如悲伤、愤怒）的有效动作单元，表情分析技术可作为辅助手段应用于监管场所内精神障碍者的潜在暴力风险评估。.

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Extended suicide, a specific type of homicide-suicide event, has severe social consequences yet remains lacking systematic research. This retrospective study investigated 51 cases of extended suicide involving mental disorders in central China with aim of better understanding risk factors for such events and guiding prevention strategies. Over an 8-year period from 2015 to 2022, cases were collected from forensic institutions, and demographic characteristics, case details, and psychiatric data were recorded. The 51 incidents involved 51 perpetrators and 79 victims, with more female perpetrators (58.8%) and more female victims (54.4%). The average age of the perpetrators was 36.1, and most were married (88.2%). Almost all of the victims were family members of the perpetrator, like the most numerous children (64.6%), followed by spouses (24.1%). The most common homicide mode of death was mechanical asphyxia (38.0%), followed by sharp devices (36.7%) and drug poisoning (16.5%). Depressive disorders (76.5%) were the most common diagnosis of mental disorder for perpetrators. The study analyzed the unique characteristics of extended suicide to enrich such data. These findings help strengthen the screening and identification of potential perpetrators and victims to prevent such cases from occurring.

Research on facial micro-expression analysis has been going on for decades. Micro-expression can reflect the true emotions of individuals, and it has important application value in assisting auxiliary diagnosis and disease monitoring of mental disorders. In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence and big data technology has made the automatic recognition of micro-expressions possible, which will make micro-expression analysis more convenient and more widely used. This paper reviews the development of facial micro-expression analysis and its application in forensic psychiatry, to look into further application prospects and development direction.
面部微表情分析相关研究已经有数十年的发展历史，微表情能够反映个体的真实情绪，在精神障碍的辅助诊断、病情监测方面有重要应用价值。近年来，人工智能和大数据技术的发展使得微表情自动化识别成为可能，这将使得微表情分析更加便捷、应用范围更加广泛。本文回顾了面部微表情分析技术的发展和其在法医精神病学领域的应用现况，以展望该技术的应用前景和发展方向。.

UNASSIGNED: Neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) is a fluid biomarker of neural injury measurable in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Patients with different neurodegenerative disorders and mild traumatic brain injury display elevated levels of NfL. However, so far, elevated levels of NfL have not been demonstrated in persons with psychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, the occurrence of NfL in the blood has not previously been studied in persons undergoing forensic psychiatric assessment or persons treated in forensic mental health services. Supposedly, these persons suffer from experiences and conditions with a higher risk of neural injury than other psychiatric patients.
UNASSIGNED: In this pilot study, we investigated plasma levels of NfL in 20 persons undergoing forensic psychiatric assessment and 20 patients at a forensic psychiatric hospital. NfL values were compared with control groups of healthy individuals matched for age and sex.
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of increased NfL in both forensic groups was low and did not differ compared with the controls. However, some persons undergoing forensic psychiatric assessment showed slightly elevated values.
UNASSIGNED: The slightly elevated values were observed in the group investigated closer in time to the index crime, when elevated NfL levels could be expected to be more prevalent due to acute conditions from the time of the offense. This gives reason to look further into this group.

Traditional polygraph techniques mostly rely on the changes of an individual\'s physiological indicators, such as electrodermal activity, heart rate, breath, eye movement and function of neural signals and other indicators. They are easily affected by individual physical conditions, counter-tests, external environment and other aspects, and it is difficult to conduct large-scale screening tests based on the traditional polygraph techniques. The application of keystroke dynamics to polygraph can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional polygraph techniques to a large extend, increase the reliability of polygraph results and promote the validity of legal evidence of polygraph results in forensic practice. This paper introduces keystroke dynamics and its application in deception research. Compared with the traditional polygraph techniques, keystroke dynamics can be used with a relatively wider application range, not only for deception research but also for identity identification, network screening and other large-scale tests. At the same time, the development direction of keystroke dynamics in the field of polygraph is prospected.
传统的测谎技术大多依赖个体的生理指标，如皮肤电、心率、呼吸、眼动和神经信号功能等指标的变化，容易受个体身体条件、反测试以及外部环境等方面的影响，并且很难进行大面积的筛查测试。将击键动力学应用于测谎可以很大程度上克服传统测谎技术的不足，增加测谎结果的可靠性，促进测谎结论在司法鉴定实践中的法定证据效力。本文介绍了击键动力学及其在欺骗研究中的应用，和传统测谎技术相比，击键动力学除了可以进行欺骗行为研究外，还可用于身份识别、网络筛查等大面积的测试，应用范围相对更广。同时，本文还对击键动力学在测谎领域的发展方向进行了展望。.

The clinical symptoms and signs of methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP) and schizophrenia are highly similar, but the situation is completely different when MAP and schizophrenia patients need to be assessed for criminal responsibility after they comitted a harmful behavior. Therefore, the distinction between the two psychoses is very important in forensic psychiatry. At present, the identification of these two psychoses is mainly dependent on the corresponding criteria such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders Version 3 (CCMD-3). It\'s challenging to diagnose and distinguish between the two in practical cases due to their similar clinical symptoms and the lack of effective objective indexes. Different from the limitations of single omics, integrative omics intergrates data from multiple dimensions and has been extensively studied in the field of schizophrenia and has achieved some preliminary results. In view of the correlation between MAP and schizophrenia and the potential application value of integrative omics, this paper proposes an integrative omics strategy for MAP pathogenesis and forensic identification, aiming to improve the further understanding of the relationship between the two psychoses and the corresponding pathogenesis. It also provides references for the future exploration of integrative omics in forensic precise identification and effective monitoring and early warning methods.
甲基苯丙胺所致精神障碍（methamphetamine-associated psychosis，MAP）和精神分裂症的临床症状及体征十分相似，但MAP和精神分裂症患者在发生危害行为后需评定刑事责任时的情况却完全不同，因而两者的甄别在法医精神病学鉴定中十分重要。目前对于两者的鉴别主要依据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第五版）》《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准（第三版）》等诊断标准，但由于两者高度相似的临床表现和客观指标的缺乏，给法医学鉴识实践工作带来了很大的困难和挑战。不同于单一组学的局限性，整合组学将多个维度的数据整合起来，已在精神分裂症领域开展了广泛研究并初步取得一些应用成果。鉴于MAP和精神分裂症的关联性和整合组学的潜在的应用价值，本文提出以整合组学的策略进行MAP发病机制及法医学鉴识的研究思路，旨在完善对MAP与精神分裂症之间的关系及相应发病机制的进一步理解，也为未来整合组学在法医学精准鉴识及有效监测预警方法的探索提供借鉴与参考。.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the legal application and case deposition of assessment opinions of sexual self-defense capability, and to explore the necessity of legal correspondence in the sexual defense capability assessment.
METHODS: According to the self-made questionnaire, the cases of sexual self-defense capability assessment completed by the Academy of Forensic Science from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018 were statistically analyzed through telephone interviews and referrals.
RESULTS: Among the 69 cases, 3 cases (4.3%) had complete sexual self-defense capability, 30 cases (43.5%) had weakened sexual self-defense capability, 32 cases (46.2%) had no sexual self-defense capability, and 4 cases (5.8%) were not suitable for assessment. Among the 30 cases with weakened sexual self-defense ability, 15 cases were filed and investigated by public security authorities for rape and 15 cases were not. The inconsistent rate of disposition was 1∶1. Among the 15 rape cases filed and investigated by the public security authorities, 10 cases were arrested and prosecuted by the procuratorate and sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment by the court, while the other 5 cases were not arrested and prosecuted by the procuratorate, with an inconsistent rate of disposition being 2∶1.
CONCLUSIONS: The legal application of the assessment opinion on the weakening of sexual self-defense capability is inconsistent, and the judicial disposition is confusing. It is imperative to unify and correspond the classification of sexual self-defense capability with the legal requirements.
目的: 了解性自我防卫能力鉴定意见的法律适用及案件处置情况，探析性自我防卫能力评定法律契合的必要性。方法: 根据自制调查表，通过电话回访调查及查阅案例裁判信息，统计司法鉴定科学研究院于2012年1月1日—2018年12月31日鉴定完成的性自我防卫能力评定案件的处理情况。结果: 69例案例中，完全性自我防卫能力3例（4.3%），性防卫能力削弱30例（43.5%），无性自我防卫能力32例（46.2%），不宜评定4例（5.8%）。30例被评定为性自我防卫能力削弱者中，15例被公安机关以强奸罪立案侦查，15例未被公安机关以强奸罪立案侦查，处理不一致比例为1∶1；被公安机关以强奸罪立案侦查的案件中，10例由检察院批捕起诉，被法院判处有期徒刑，其余5例未被检察院批捕起诉，处理不一致比例达2∶1。结论: 性自我防卫能力削弱鉴定意见法律适用不一致，司法处置混乱，性自我防卫能力等级划分与法律要求进行统一、契合势在必行。.

There is still a lack of comprehensive research on the profile of patients in forensic mental health hospitals in China. This study aims to investigate the socio-demographic, clinical, and offense-related characteristics of mentally ill offenders in the Hunan Provincial Forensic Psychiatric Hospital in China.
This study was conducted from November 1, 2018, to January 30, 2019. The data of socio-demographic, clinical, and offense-related characteristics of the patients were collected. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale were used to measure their psychiatric conditions.
A total of 461 participants were enrolled in this study. Among them, 86.3% were males and 56.8% were unmarried; the average age of them was 44.7 ± 10.1 years, and the mean years of education were 7.51 ± 3.3 years. Before their current offense, a total of 345 patients (74.8%) had sought medical help for their mental illnesses. While 303 (87.8%) of these patients were prescribed antipsychotics, 254 (73.6%) failed to take them regularly. Of all the inpatients, 90.5% were diagnosed with schizophrenia; 385 (83.5%) engaged in homicidal offenses, with 54.0% of the victims being their family members. In homicide cases, the relatives were more likely to be victims of female patients. The mean length of stay in the forensic hospital was 8.02 ± 4.74 years, and over 80.0% of the patients had been hospitalized for over 5 years.
To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the profile of forensic patients receiving compulsory treatments in a forensic psychiatric hospital in China. These results add to the world literature on the characteristics of forensic patients and can help identify common treatment and risk-related needs of this population.