赤藓糖醇对多种昆虫显示出优异的杀虫性能,但是它导致昆虫死亡和不育的分子机制尚不完全清楚。用1M赤藓糖醇喂养72h和96h后评估果蝇的死亡率和不育性,和基因表达谱通过RNA测序进一步比较。GO和KEGG的富集分析表明,脂肪动力学激素基因(Akh)的表达,淀粉酶基因(Amyrel),α-葡萄糖苷酶基因(Mal-B1/2,Mal-A1-4,Mal-A7/8),甘油三酯脂肪酶基因(Bmm)显著上调,而胰岛素样肽基因(Dilp2、Dilp3和Dilp5)显著下调。与蛋壳组装相关的17个基因,包括12月1日(向下315倍),Vm26Ab(下跌2014倍)和Vm34Ca(下跌6034倍),显着下调,甚至没有表达。然而,3个利尿激素基因(DH44、DH31、CAPA)和8个水通道蛋白基因(Drip、大大脑,AQP,Eglp1,Eglp2,Eglp3,Eglp4和Prip)参与渗透压调节(所有p值>0.05)。我们的结论是赤藓糖醇,α-葡萄糖苷酶的竞争性抑制剂,底物和酶结合严重减少,抑制中肠中有效的碳水化合物水解并最终由于能量剥夺而导致死亡。很明显,果蝇并没有因血淋巴的渗透压而死亡。我们的发现阐明了赤藓糖醇喂养引起的果蝇死亡率和不育的分子机制。也为赤藓糖醇作为环境友好型农药的应用提供了重要的理论依据。
Erythritol has shown excellent insecticidal performance against a wide range of insect species, but the molecular mechanism by which it causes insect mortality and sterility is not fully understood. The mortality and sterility of Drosophila melanogaster were assessed after feeding with 1M
erythritol for 72 h and 96 h, and gene expression profiles were further compared through RNA sequencing. Enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG revealed that expressions of the adipokinetic hormone gene (Akh), amylase gene (Amyrel), α-glucosidase gene (Mal-B1/2, Mal-A1-4, Mal-A7/8), and triglyceride lipase gene (Bmm) were significantly up-regulated, while insulin-like peptide genes (Dilp2, Dilp3 and Dilp5) were dramatically down-regulated. Seventeen genes associated with eggshell assembly, including Dec-1 (down 315-fold), Vm26Ab (down 2014-fold) and Vm34Ca (down 6034-fold), were significantly down-regulated or even showed no expression. However, there were no significant differences in the expression of three diuretic hormone genes (DH44, DH31, CAPA) and eight aquaporin genes (Drip, Big brain, AQP, Eglp1, Eglp2, Eglp3, Eglp4 and Prip) involved in osmolality regulation (all p value > 0.05). We concluded that
erythritol, a competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, severely reduced substrates and enzyme binding, inhibiting effective carbohydrate hydrolysis in the midgut and eventually causing death due to energy deprivation. It was clear that Drosophila melanogaster did not die from the osmolality of the hemolymph. Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the mortality and sterility in Drosophila melanogaster induced by
erythritol feeding. It also provides an important theoretical basis for the application of
erythritol as an environmentally friendly pesticide.