■骶神经刺激(SNS)已用于治疗便秘。然而,其涉及肠神经系统(ENS)和运动的机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们研究了SNS在治疗洛哌丁胺诱导的大鼠便秘中可能涉及的ENS。
■实验1旨在研究急性SNS对全结肠运输时间(CTT)的影响。在实验2中,我们通过洛哌丁胺诱导便秘,然后每天应用SNS或假SNS1周。胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT),一氧化氮合酶(nNOS),在研究结束时检查结肠组织中的PGP9.5。此外,通过免疫组织化学(IHC)和蛋白质印迹(WB)测量生存因子,例如磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)。
■(1)具有一组参数的SNS在酚红施用后90分钟开始缩短CTT(p<0.05)。(2)虽然洛哌丁胺诱导慢传输型便秘,但粪便颗粒数量和粪便湿重显著减少,每日SNS一周解决便秘。(3)此外,与假SNS相比,SNS能够缩短整个肠道运输时间(p=0.01)。(4)洛哌丁胺减少了PGP9.5和ChAT阳性细胞数,下调ChAT蛋白表达和上调nNOS蛋白表达,而这些有害影响被SNS显著逆转。(5)此外,SNS增加了结肠组织中GDNF和p-AKT的表达。(6)迷走神经活性在洛哌丁胺后降低(p<0.01);然而SNS使迷走神经活性正常化。
■具有适当参数的SNS可能通过GDNF-PI3K/Akt途径改善了阿片类药物诱导的便秘并逆转了洛哌胺对肠道神经元的有害作用。图形摘要。
UNASSIGNED: Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has been employed for treating constipation. However, its mechanisms involving enteric nervous system (ENS) and motility are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the possible ENS involvement of SNS in treating Loperamide-induced constipation in rats.
UNASSIGNED: Experiment-1 was designed to study the effects of acute SNS on whole colon transit time (CTT). In experiment-2, we induced constipation by Loperamide and then applied daily SNS or sham-SNS for 1 week. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and PGP9.5 in colon tissue were examined at the end of the study. Moreover, survival factors such as phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were measures by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot (WB).
UNASSIGNED: (1) SNS with one set of parameters shortened CTT starting at 90 min after phenol red administration (p < 0.05). (2) While Loperamide induced slow transit constipation with a significant reduction in fecal pellet number and feces wet weight, daily SNS for a week resolved constipation. (3) Moreover, SNS was able to shorten whole gut transit time comparing to sham-SNS (p = 0.01). (4) Loperamide reduced the number of PGP9.5 and ChAT positive cells, and downregulated ChAT protein expression and upregulated nNOS protein expression, whereas these detrimental effects were significantly reversed by SNS. (5) Furthermore, SNS increased expressions of both GDNF and p-AKT in colon tissue. (6) Vagal activity was reduced following Loperamide (p < 0.01); yet SNS normalized vagal activity.
UNASSIGNED: SNS with appropriate parameters improves opioid-induced constipation and reversed the detrimental effects of Loperamide on enteric neurons possibly via the GDNF-PI3K/Akt pathway.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.