每年有一亿吨的苹果被削薄并丢弃在果园里,旨在提高苹果的产量和质量。我们用一种潜在的益生菌真菌发酵瘦小的苹果,Eurotiumcristatum,显著破坏了原始样品的微观结构,如扫描电子显微镜所表征。发酵大大改变了样品的代谢物分布,通过网络药理学分析,预测通过调节炎症反应和对脂多糖的反应来缓解结肠炎。在体内,经口灌胃E.cristatum发酵的年轻苹果的水提取物(E.YAP)有效缓解DSS诱导的结肠炎,修复了组织病理学损伤,降低炎症细胞因子的水平,并促进紧密连接蛋白的结肠表达。此外,E.YAP通过增加乳酸菌的丰度来改善肠道菌群失调,Blautia,Muribaculaceae,和Prevotellaceae_UCG-001同时抑制Turicibacter,Alistipes,和Desulfovibrio.重要的是,E.YAP增加结肠胆汁酸,例如CA,TCA,DCA,TUDCA,和LCA,从而通过PXR/NF-κB信号传导减轻结肠炎。此外,与罗伊氏LimosilactobacillusWX-94合生元的组合,这是一种从健康个体粪便中分离出的具有抗炎特性的益生菌菌株,增强E.YAP的抗结肠炎能力。我们的发现表明E.YAP可能是一部小说,强力,以食物为基础的抗炎益生元,用于缓解炎症损伤。
A hundred million tons of young apples are thinned and discarded in the orchard per year, aiming to increase the yield and quality of apples. We fermented thinned young apples using a potential probiotic fungus, Eurotium cristatum, which notably disrupted the microstructure of raw samples, as characterized by the scanning electron microscope. Fermentation substantially altered the metabolite profiles of samples, which are predicted to alleviate
colitis via regulating inflammatory response and response to lipopolysaccharide by using network pharmacology analysis. In vivo, oral gavage of water extracts of E. cristatum fermented young apples (E.YAP) effectively alleviated DSS-induced
colitis, restored the histopathology damage, reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and promoted colonic expressions of tight junction proteins. Moreover, E.YAP ameliorated gut dysbacteriosis by increasing abundances of Lactobacillus,Blautia, Muribaculaceae, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 while inhibiting Turicibacter, Alistipes, and Desulfovibrio. Importantly, E.YAP increased colonic bile acids, such as CA, TCA, DCA, TUDCA, and LCA, thereby alleviating
colitis via PXR/NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, a synbiotic combination with Limosilactobacillus reuteri WX-94, a probiotic strain isolated from feces of healthy individuals with anti-inflammatory properties, augmented anticolitis capacities of E.YAP. Our findings demonstrate that E.YAP could be a novel, potent, food-based anti-inflammatory prebiotic for relieving inflammatory injuries.