目的:本研究的目的是通过深度学习构建基于TW3-C腕骨方法的中国儿童腕骨年龄自动评估系统,并评估测试集和临床测试集的准确性。
方法:从2005年中国骨骼发育调查数据和多年来积累的骨龄研究的X线照片中收集了8184例中国汉族健康儿童(2-14岁)的X线照片。三位经验丰富的放射科医生和China-05标准制造商共同评估了每个骨骼发育阶段,并确定了共识阶段作为参考标准。根据每个骨phy发育阶段,其中10%是通过分层随机抽样作为测试集得出的,其余射线照片用作训练集和验证集.此外,通过比较平均差来估计模型的整体性能,95%的协议限制,模型预测与参考标准之间的平均绝对差(MAD)和均方根(RMS)。
结果:测试集中每个骨phy的评分一致性百分比范围为82.82%至90.06%,平均为86.94%。与参考标准相比,自动骨龄系统平均相差0.01岁,通过单次阅读在95%置信区间内±0.45岁,85.93%的评级协议,90.5%的骨龄准确率,0.20岁的MAD,临床试验中RMS的年龄为0.32岁。
结论:与经验丰富的放射科医生相比,中国儿童的自动骨龄系统具有可比的准确性和稳定的测定。
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to construct an automatic carpal bone age evaluation system for Chinese children based on TW3-C Carpal method by deep learning and to evaluate the accuracies in test set and clinical test set.
METHODS: A total of 8184 radiographs of Chinese Han healthy children (2-14 years old) were collected from the 2005
China Skeletal Development Survey data and from the accumulated radiographs in bone age studies over the years. Three experienced radiologists and the
China-05 standard maker jointly evaluated each bone development stage, and the consensual stage was decided as the reference standard. According to each epiphysis development stage, 10% of them were derived by stratified random sampling as test sets, and the remaining radiographs were used as training sets and validation sets. Furthermore, the overall performance of the model was estimated by comparing the mean difference, 95% limits of agreement, mean absolute difference (MAD) and root mean square (RMS) between the model predictions and the reference standard.
RESULTS: The percentage agreement of ratings in each epiphysis in the test set ranged from 82.82% to 90.06%, with an average of 86.94%. Compared with the reference standard, the automated bone age system has a mean difference of 0.01 years old, ± 0.45 years old in 95% confidence interval by single reading, an 85.93% percentage agreement of ratings, a 90.5% bone age accuracy rate, 0.20 years old of MAD, and 0.32 years old of RMS in the clinical test set.
CONCLUSIONS: The automatic bone age system for Chinese children has a comparable accuracy and stable determination compared with experienced radiologists.