The dynamics of soil arthropod communities in annual monoculture grasslands is still unclear, which restricts the understanding of the degradation mechanism of cultivated grasslands. We cultivated two annual gramineae species, Lolium multiflorum and
Avena sativa, separately in Hongyuan County, located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in April 2019. We investigated soil arthropods, plant communities and soil properties in the cultivated grasslands and natural grassland in the late September every year from 2019 to 2022. The results showed that: 1) The taxonomic composition of soil arthropod communities differed significantly among three grasslands and sampling years. 2) There was no significant difference in the density, taxonomic richness, Shannon index and evenness index of soil arthropod communities among three grasslands. 3) The density of soil arthropod communities significantly fluctuated across years in three grasslands, and the taxonomic richness and Shannon index decreased significantly in the L. multiflorum and A. sativa grasslands, with the evenness index declining significantly only in the fourth year. The Shannon index fluctuated significantly and the evenness index varied little in natural grassland. 4) The above- and below-ground biomass, the contents of soil total P, total K and available N were the main factors influencing the taxonomic composition, density and diversity indices of soil arthropod communities. The results suggested that the cultivation of annual gramineae grasslands have significant effects on taxonomic composition, but not on density and diversity of soil arthropod communities, and those variables change significantly across different years.
为了查明高寒地区建植一年生禾本科人工草地的土壤节肢动物群落动态,2019年4月在青藏高原东缘红原县境内建植了黑麦草和燕麦两种一年生单播人工草地,并以天然草地为对照。2019—2022年每年9月下旬对土壤节肢动物群落、植物群落和土壤理化性质开展观测。结果表明: 1)土壤节肢动物的群落组成结构在3种草地及年际间差异显著;2)土壤节肢动物密度、类群数、Shannon指数和均匀度指数在3种草地间差异不显著;3)随着年限增加,3种草地的土壤节肢动物密度显著波动;黑麦草和燕麦草地土壤节肢动物类群数和Shannon指数显著降低,均匀度指数仅在第4年显著降低;天然草地的Shannon指数呈显著波动,均匀度指数无明显变化;4)草地的地上和地下生物量、土壤全磷、全钾、有效氮含量是影响土壤节肢动物群落的主要因子。研究表明,在高寒地区种植一年生禾本科牧草对土壤节肢动物群落的组成结构有显著影响,对密度及多样性指数影响不显著;种植年限对群落组成结构、密度和多样性指数影响显著。.