气候变化和人类活动加剧了野火的频率和强度,威胁两栖动物的栖息地和生存;然而,对这些影响的研究仍然有限。野火灰改变水质,引入污染物,并可能破坏微生物群落,影响肠道和皮肤微生物群;然而,对肠道和皮肤微生物群的影响尚不清楚。Ranadybowskii暴露于五种浓度(0gL-1,1.25gL-1,2.5gL-1,5gL-1和10gL-1)的野火灰(AEAs)水提物30天,以评估AEAs金属含量,生存,通过Illumina测序和微生物群多样性。我们的结果表明,灰分中的主要元素为Ca>K>Mg>Al>Fe>Na>Mn,而在AEA中,它们是K>Ca>Na>Mg>As>Al>Cu。随着AEA浓度的增加,两栖动物的存活率显着降低。β多样性分析揭示了微生物群组成的明显变化。值得注意的是,与潜在健康风险相关的细菌属显示皮肤微生物群的丰度增加,强调灰烬暴露可能会影响两栖动物的健康。功能预测分析显示,与健康和疾病相关的代谢途径发生了显著变化。这表明野火灰暴露可能会通过微生物功能的变化影响两栖动物的健康。这项研究强调了迫切需要减轻野火灰对两栖动物的影响的策略。因为它会显著改变微生物群,影响它们的生存和健康。
Climate change and human activities escalate the frequency and intensity of wildfires, threatening
amphibian habitats and survival; yet, research on these impacts remains limited. Wildfire ash alters water quality, introduces contaminants, and may disrupt microbial communities, impacting gut and skin microbiota; however, the effects on gut and skin microbiota remain unclear. Rana dybowskii were exposed to five concentrations (0 g L-1, 1.25 g L-1, 2.5 g L-1, 5 g L-1, and 10 g L-1) of aqueous extracts of wildfire ashes (AEAs) for 30 days to assess AEAs\' metal content, survival, and microbiota diversity via Illumina sequencing. Our results showed that the major elements in ash were Ca > K > Mg > Al > Fe > Na > Mn, while in AEA they were K > Ca > Na > Mg > As > Al > Cu. A significant decrease in
amphibian survival rates with increased AEA concentration was shown. The beta diversity analysis revealed distinct shifts in microbiota composition. Notably, bacterial genera associated with potential health risks showed increased abundance in skin microbiota, emphasising the potential for ash exposure to affect
amphibian health. Functional prediction analyses revealed significant shifts in metabolic pathways related to health and disease, indicating that wildfire ash exposure may influence
amphibian health through changes in microbial functions. This study highlights the urgent need for strategies to mitigate wildfire ash impacts on amphibians, as it significantly alters microbiota and affects their survival and health.