背景:先前的研究将妊娠期维生素D缺乏与不良妊娠结局联系起来。
目的:更新关于妊娠期补充维生素D的随机对照试验(RCTs)的2017年系统评价和荟萃分析,确定试验之间异质性的来源,并描述排除临床推荐的证据缺口。
方法:MEDLINE,PubMed,欧洲PMC,Scopus,Cochrane系统评价数据库,WebofScience,和CINAHL数据库进行了搜索。文章包括RCT报告,包括孕妇服用维生素D补充剂与安慰剂相比,没有干预,或主动控制(≤600IUd-1)。风险比(RR)和平均差异汇集了38名产妇,出生,和婴儿结局,使用随机效应模型。亚组分析检查了效应异质性。使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具。
方法:包括共66项试验(n=17276名参与者)的报道。
方法:维生素D补充剂量中位数为2000IUd-1(范围:400-60000);37项试验使用安慰剂。产前补充维生素D对先兆子痫的风险没有影响(RR,0.81[95%CI,0.43-1.53];n=6项试验和1483名参与者),可能预防妊娠期糖尿病(RR,0.65[95%CI,0.49-0.86;n=12项试验和1992名参与者),婴儿出生体重增加53g(95%CI,16-90;n=40项试验和9954名参与者)。维生素D对早产风险没有影响,小于胎龄,或发现低出生体重婴儿。共有25项试验至少有1个领域存在高偏倚风险。
结论:不需要在一般怀孕人群中进行其他研究,考虑到现有的许多试验。相反,在维生素D水平较低或关键结局风险较大的人群中,需要进行高质量的随机对照试验.怀孕期间补充的益处仍然不确定,因为目前的证据具有高度异质性,包括研究背景的变化,基线和达到的终线25-羟基维生素D水平,以及偏倚风险较高的研究。
背景:PROSPERO注册号。CRD42022350057。
BACKGROUND: Previous research linked vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: Update a 2017 systematic
review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, identify sources of heterogeneity between trials, and describe evidence gaps precluding a clinical recommendation.
METHODS: The MEDLINE, PubMed, Europe PMC, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched. Articles were included that reported on RCTs that included pregnant women given vitamin D supplements as compared with placebo, no intervention, or active control (≤600 IU d-1). Risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences were pooled for 38 maternal, birth, and infant outcomes, using random effects models. Subgroup analyses examined effect heterogeneity. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used.
METHODS: Included articles reported on a total of 66 trials (n = 17 276 participants).
METHODS: The median vitamin D supplementation dose was 2000 IU d-1 (range: 400-60 000); 37 trials used placebo. Antenatal vitamin D supplementation had no effect on the risk of preeclampsia (RR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.43-1.53]; n = 6 trials and 1483 participants), potentially protected against gestational diabetes mellitus (RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.49-0.86; n = 12 trials and 1992 participants), and increased infant birth weight by 53 g (95% CI, 16-90; n = 40 trials and 9954 participants). No effect of vitamin D on the risk of preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, or low birth weight infants was found. A total of 25 trials had at least 1 domain at high risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS: Additional studies among the general pregnant population are not needed, given the many existing trials. Instead, high-quality RCTs among populations with low vitamin D status or at greater risk of key outcomes are needed. Benefits of supplementation in pregnancy remain uncertain because current evidence has high heterogeneity, including variation in study context, baseline and achieved end-line 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and studies with high risk of bias.
BACKGROUND: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022350057.