Abstract：
A balanced and healthy diet during the menopausal transition and after menopause is crucial for women to reduce the risk for morbidities and chronic diseases due to deficiency of essential nutrients.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that analyzed the impact of vitamin and nutrient deficiencies in postmenopausal women in relation to increased morbidities and chronic conditions.
METHODS: Observational studies were searched in the databases PubMed, UpToDate, and Google Scholar.
RESULTS: We searched 122 studies, of which 90 were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis of the data could not be performed because of the heterogeneity of the statistical methods in the included studies. In our study, we focused on the aspects of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene, belonging to the family of carotenoids. Postmenopausal women with deficiencies of these nutrients are more vulnerable to comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson\'s disease, Alzheimer\'s disease, depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke. We concluded that women after menopause tend to have a greater probability of suffering from deficiencies in various vitamins and nutrients, and consequently have an increased risk of developing morbidities and chronic diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, maintaining optimum serum levels of nutrients and vitamins, either through a balanced and healthy diet consuming fresh fruits, vegetables, and fats or by taking appropriate supplementation, is essential in maintaining optimal health-related quality of life and reducing the risk for women during the menopausal transition and after menopause. Nevertheless, more recent studies need to be assessed to formulate adequate recommendations to achieve positive clinical outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that analyzed the impact of vitamin and nutrient deficiencies in postmenopausal women in relation to increased morbidities and chronic conditions.
METHODS: Observational studies were searched in the databases PubMed, UpToDate, and Google Scholar.
RESULTS: We searched 122 studies, of which 90 were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis of the data could not be performed because of the heterogeneity of the statistical methods in the included studies. In our study, we focused on the aspects of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene, belonging to the family of carotenoids. Postmenopausal women with deficiencies of these nutrients are more vulnerable to comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson\'s disease, Alzheimer\'s disease, depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke. We concluded that women after menopause tend to have a greater probability of suffering from deficiencies in various vitamins and nutrients, and consequently have an increased risk of developing morbidities and chronic diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, maintaining optimum serum levels of nutrients and vitamins, either through a balanced and healthy diet consuming fresh fruits, vegetables, and fats or by taking appropriate supplementation, is essential in maintaining optimal health-related quality of life and reducing the risk for women during the menopausal transition and after menopause. Nevertheless, more recent studies need to be assessed to formulate adequate recommendations to achieve positive clinical outcomes.
摘要：
在更年期过渡期间和更年期后，平衡和健康的饮食对于降低由于缺乏必需营养素而导致的发病率和慢性疾病的风险至关重要。
目的：本研究的目的是对绝经后妇女维生素和营养缺乏对发病率和慢性疾病增加的影响进行系统评价。
方法：在PubMed数据库中搜索观察性研究，UpToDate,谷歌学者。
结果：我们搜索了122项研究，其中90个被包括在我们的分析中。由于纳入研究中统计方法的异质性，无法对数据进行荟萃分析。在我们的研究中,我们专注于维生素B6，维生素B12，维生素D，铁,omega-3-脂肪酸，还有番茄红素,属于类胡萝卜素家族。缺乏这些营养素的绝经后妇女更容易发生心血管和脑血管事件等合并症，代谢性疾病，骨质疏松,肥胖，癌症和神经退行性疾病，如帕金森病，老年痴呆症,抑郁症,认知能力下降,痴呆症,和中风。我们得出的结论是，绝经后的女性往往有更大的可能性患有各种维生素和营养素缺乏，并因此增加了发病和慢性疾病的风险。
结论：结论：保持营养和维生素的最佳血清水平，通过均衡和健康的饮食，食用新鲜水果，蔬菜,和脂肪或服用适当的补充剂，对于维持与健康相关的最佳生活质量和降低绝经过渡期和绝经后妇女的风险至关重要。然而，需要对最近的研究进行评估,以制定适当的建议,从而获得积极的临床结局.
目的：本研究的目的是对绝经后妇女维生素和营养缺乏对发病率和慢性疾病增加的影响进行系统评价。
方法：在PubMed数据库中搜索观察性研究，UpToDate,谷歌学者。
结果：我们搜索了122项研究，其中90个被包括在我们的分析中。由于纳入研究中统计方法的异质性，无法对数据进行荟萃分析。在我们的研究中,我们专注于维生素B6，维生素B12，维生素D，铁,omega-3-脂肪酸，还有番茄红素,属于类胡萝卜素家族。缺乏这些营养素的绝经后妇女更容易发生心血管和脑血管事件等合并症，代谢性疾病，骨质疏松,肥胖，癌症和神经退行性疾病，如帕金森病，老年痴呆症,抑郁症,认知能力下降,痴呆症,和中风。我们得出的结论是，绝经后的女性往往有更大的可能性患有各种维生素和营养素缺乏，并因此增加了发病和慢性疾病的风险。
结论：结论：保持营养和维生素的最佳血清水平，通过均衡和健康的饮食，食用新鲜水果，蔬菜,和脂肪或服用适当的补充剂，对于维持与健康相关的最佳生活质量和降低绝经过渡期和绝经后妇女的风险至关重要。然而，需要对最近的研究进行评估,以制定适当的建议,从而获得积极的临床结局.
