尽管在1960年代和1970年代大多数欧洲国家根除了疟疾,按蚊载体仍然存在。到目前为止,欧洲报告的大多数疟疾病例都是旅行者在流行地区获得的感染。然而,在欧洲,对当地感染的蚊子感染疟疾的可能性的研究很少,尽管在几个欧洲国家偶尔报告了本地疟疾病例。在这里,我们介绍了欧洲潜在疟疾病媒物种发生的最新情况。采用系统的审查方法,我们根据对以下按蚊物种的准确信息的检索,选择了2000年至2021年之间发表的288篇论文纳入该综述:A.atroparvus,A.hyrcanussensulato(s.l.),A.Labranchiae,A.马库利彭斯·斯特里托(s.s.),A.messeae/daciae,A.Sacharovi,A.superpictus和An.plumbeus.针对主要存在和主要生物学特征的区域,对这些潜在媒介物种在欧洲的分布进行了严格审查。包括对疟原虫的媒介能力。附加信息,例如地理细节,采样方法和物种识别方法,也有报道。我们将从最新研究中提取的每种物种的信息与2000年代初发表的研究报告的可比信息进行比较,特别是在根除疟疾之前,每个物种在疟疾传播中的作用。从这篇评论中可以看出,潜在的媒介物种在欧洲仍然很普遍,地中海地区的多样性最大,尤其是意大利。尽管关于它们的矢量能力的信息是零碎的,检索到的信息表明重新定义了潜在媒介物种的相对重要性,表示一个。hyrcanuss.l.,A.Labranchiae,A.plumbeus和An.sacharovi作为更重要的潜在载体,而An。messeae/daciae和An。maculipenniss.s.可以认为是中等重要的物种。相比之下,A.atroparvus和An.superpictus应该被认为是重要性较低的载体,特别是关于他们的低嗜好。在这篇评论中,欧洲当前对矢量系统的知识存在差距变得显而易见,不仅在媒介能力方面,而且在抽样方法的定义方面,强调需要进一步研究,为每个物种采用适当的监测系统。
Despite the eradication of malaria across most European countries in the 1960s and 1970s, the anopheline vectors are still present. Most of the malaria cases that have been reported in Europe up to the present time have been infections acquired in endemic areas by travelers. However, the possibility of acquiring malaria by locally infected mosquitoes has been poorly investigated in Europe, despite autochthonous malaria cases having been occasionally reported in several European countries. Here we present an update on the occurrence of potential malaria vector species in Europe. Adopting a systematic
review approach, we selected 288 papers published between 2000 and 2021 for inclusion in the
review based on retrieval of accurate information on the following Anopheles species: An. atroparvus, An. hyrcanus sensu lato (s.l.), An. labranchiae, An. maculipennis sensu stricto (s.s.), An. messeae/daciae, An. sacharovi, An. superpictus and An. plumbeus. The distribution of these potential vector species across Europe is critically reviewed in relation to areas of major presence and principal bionomic features, including vector competence to Plasmodium. Additional information, such as geographical details, sampling approaches and species identification methods, are also reported. We compare the information on each species extracted from the most recent studies to comparable information reported from studies published in the early 2000s, with particular reference to the role of each species in malaria transmission before eradication. The picture that emerges from this
review is that potential vector species are still widespread in Europe, with the largest diversity in the Mediterranean area, Italy in particular. Despite information on their vectorial capacity being fragmentary, the information retrieved suggests a re-definition of the relative importance of potential vector species, indicating An. hyrcanus s.l., An. labranchiae, An. plumbeus and An. sacharovi as potential vectors of higher importance, while An. messeae/daciae and An. maculipennis s.s. can be considered to be moderately important species. In contrast, An. atroparvus and An. superpictus should be considered as vectors of lower importance, particularly in relation to their low anthropophily. The presence of gaps in current knowledge of vectorial systems in Europe becomes evident in this
review, not only in terms of vector competence but also in the definition of sampling approaches, highlighting the need for further research to adopt the appropriate surveillance system for each species.