■这项研究深入研究了围绕自动驾驶汽车(AV)的伦理维度,特别关注决策算法。被称为“手推车问题”,“道德困境出现了,有必要制定基于道德原则的道德算法。为了解决这个问题,在中国对460名参与者进行了一项在线调查,由237名女性和223名男性组成,年龄在18到70岁之间。
■改编自约书亚·格林的手推车困境调查,我们的研究采用是/否选项来调查参与者的选择,并采用李克特量表来衡量道德接受度。主要目标是评估参与者对四种不同算法策略的倾向——功利主义,罗尔斯主义,利己主义,和一种混合方法-在涉及AV的场景中。
■我们的研究结果表明,参与者在与AV设计相关的场景中的偏好与专注于购买决策的偏好之间存在显着差异。值得注意的是,超过一半的受访者表示不愿购买配备“利己主义”算法的AVs,这优先考虑车主的安全。有趣的是,“利己主义”的拒绝率与“功利主义”相似,“这可能需要自我牺牲。
■混合方法,整合“功利主义”和“利己主义”,“获得了最高的认可。这凸显了在AV道德算法中平衡自我牺牲和伤害最小化的重要性。该研究的见解对于在自动驾驶汽车不断发展的领域中道德和实际推进AV技术至关重要。
UNASSIGNED: This
study delves into the ethical dimensions surrounding autonomous vehicles (AVs), with a specific focus on decision-making algorithms. Termed the \"Trolley problem,\" an ethical quandary arises, necessitating the formulation of moral algorithms grounded in ethical principles. To address this issue, an online survey was conducted with 460 participants in China, comprising 237 females and 223 males, spanning ages 18 to 70.
UNASSIGNED: Adapted from Joshua Greene\'s trolley dilemma survey, our
study employed Yes/No options to probe participants\' choices and Likert scales to gauge moral acceptance. The primary objective was to assess participants\' inclinations toward four distinct algorithmic strategies-Utilitarianism, Rawlsianism, Egoism, and a Hybrid approach-in scenarios involving AVs.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings revealed a significant disparity between participants\' preferences in scenarios related to AV design and those focused on purchase decisions. Notably, over half of the respondents expressed reluctance to purchase AVs equipped with an \"egoism\" algorithm, which prioritizes the car owner\'s safety. Intriguingly, the rejection rate for \"egoism\" was similar to that of \"
utilitarianism,\" which may necessitate self-sacrifice.
UNASSIGNED: The hybrid approach, integrating \"
Utilitarianism\" and \"Egoism,\" garnered the highest endorsement. This highlights the importance of balancing self-sacrifice and harm minimization in AV moral algorithms. The
study\'s insights are crucial for ethically and practically advancing AV technology in the continually evolving realm of autonomous vehicles.