杂草通常通过争夺资源来惩罚作物产量,比如水,光,营养素,和空间。大多数关于作物-杂草竞争领域的研究仅限于评估由于杂草压力和其他作物-杂草相互作用而导致的作物产量损失。忽视了杂草对土壤水的大量吸收,这加剧了全球水资源的限制,并威胁到生产力和盈利能力。本次审查的目的是综合全球现有的杂草用水定量数据(WU),该数据来自23份同行评审出版物(通过纳入标准的多步骤协议从233份出版物中过滤),并进行了跨空间(3大洲)的实验研究,时间(1927-2018),杂草种类(27种阔叶和7种草)和特征,作物系统(5),土壤类型(从粗纹理砂到细纹理粘土),测定技术,实验因素(环境,管理,资源可用性,和竞争),和干旱制度(从半干旱到湿润气候)。评估了通过八个不同指标报告的杂草WU数据的分布的变异性和平均WU。WU研究中缺乏最佳的实验和报告实践,这破坏了稳健性,可转移性,WU数据的应用。描述了农业水管理研究中通常遵循的强制性协议和最佳实践,并建议杂草科学家避免在量化和呈现杂草WU方面的陷阱。适应混合植物群落蒸散(ET)模型,以模拟受多种(n)杂草物种侵染的作物冠层中的杂草-作物-土壤系统蒸发和蒸腾作用。最后,跨作物科学领域的潜在跨学科问题,杂草科学,农业用水管理,灌溉科学与工程,和环境变化被提议指导和优先考虑作物-杂草-水领域的未来研究工作。
Weeds usually penalize crop yields by competing for resources, such as water, light, nutrients, and space. Most of the studies on the crop-weed competition domain are limited to assessing crop-yield losses due to weed pressure and other crop-weed interactions, overlooking the significant uptake of soil-water by weeds that exacerbates global water constraints and threatens the productivity and profitability. The objective of this
review was to synthesize globally available quantitative data on weed water use (WU) sourced from 23 peer-reviewed publications (filtered from 233 publications via a multi-step protocol of inclusion criteria) with experimental investigations across space (3 continents), time (1927-2018), weed species (27 broadleaf and 7 grasses) and characteristics, cropping systems (5), soil types (ranging from coarse-textured sand to fine-textured clay soils), determination techniques, experimental factors (environment, management, resource availability, and competition), and aridity regimes (ranging from semi-arid to humid climate). Distributions of weed WU data reported via eight different metrics were assessed for variability and mean WU. A lack of the best experimental and reporting practices in weed WU research was identified that undermined the robustness, transferability, and application of the WU data. Mandatory protocols and the best practices typically followed in the agricultural water management research were described and recommended for weed scientists to avoid pitfalls in quantifying and presenting weed WU. A model of mixed plant community evapotranspiration (ET) was adapted to model weed-crop-soil system evaporation and
transpiration in a crop canopy infested with multiple (n) weed species. Finally, potential cross-disciplinary questions across the domains of crop science, weed science, agricultural water management, irrigation science and engineering, and environmental changes were proposed to direct and prioritize future research efforts in the crop-weed-water arena.