驯化番茄(Solanumlycopersicum)是世界上最重要的园艺作物。DNA水平的低多态性与形态变异的丰富冲突。水果大小差异很大,形状,和颜色。相比之下,16个野生近缘种之间的遗传变异是巨大的。几个大型种子库为番茄的驯化和野生种质提供番茄种质。最近,近交品种“亨氏1706”的基因组(约900Mb),并对S.pimpinellifolium(739Mb)进行了测序。基因组标记和基因组重新测序数据可用于>150个品种和种质。番茄的转化相对容易,并且可以获得T-DNA插入系集合。番茄被广泛用作果实发育的模式作物,也用于多种生理,细胞,生物化学,分子,和遗传研究。它可以很容易地在温室或生长室中生长。植物生长,花,并在8至16h的每日光照长度下发育良好。实验所需的每日光照积分取决于生长阶段和所研究的温度。温度必须为10-35°C,相对湿度30-90%,and,CO2浓度200-1500μmol(-1)。温度决定了物候发育的速度,而每日光照积分和CO2浓度会影响光合作用和生物量的产生。种子到种子的培养在20°C下需要100天,并且可以通过温度缩短或延迟。番茄可以在土壤中种植,基材,或者没有任何底物的气。根卷,水分吸收需求主要由植物的蒸腾需求决定。许多营养供应食谱和策略可用于确保充足的供应以及特定的营养赤字/过剩。采用适当的栽培技术使番茄成为研究人员方便的模型植物,即使是初学者。
Domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the most important horticultural crop worldwide. Low polymorphism at the DNA level conflicts with the wealth of morphological variation. Fruits vary widely in size, shape, and color. In contrast, genetic variation between the 16 wild relatives is tremendous. Several large seed banks provide tomato germplasm for both domesticated and wild accessions of tomato. Recently, the genomes of the inbred cultivar \"Heinz 1706\" (≈900 Mb), and S. pimpinellifolium (739 Mb) were sequenced. Genomic markers and genome re-sequencing data are available for >150 cultivars and accessions. Transformation of tomato is relatively easy and T-DNA insertion line collections are available. Tomato is widely used as a model crop for fruit development but also for diverse physiological, cellular, biochemical, molecular, and genetic studies. It can be easily grown in greenhouses or growth chambers. Plants grow, flower, and develop fruits well at daily light lengths between 8 and 16 h. The required daily light integral of an experiment depends on growth stage and temperature investigated. Temperature must be 10-35°C, relative humidity 30-90%, and, CO2 concentration 200-1500 μmol mol(-1). Temperature determines the speed of the phenological development while daily light integral and CO2 concentration affect photosynthesis and biomass production. Seed to seed cultivation takes 100 days at 20°C and can be shortened or delayed by temperature. Tomato may be cultivated in soil, substrates, or aeroponically without any substrate. Root volume, and water uptake requirements are primarily determined by
transpiration demands of the plants. Many nutrient supply recipes and strategies are available to ensure sufficient supply as well as specific nutrient deficits/surplus. Using appropriate cultivation techniques makes tomato a convenient model plant for researchers, even for beginners.