背景:弓形虫虫病是一种全球分布的人畜共患病。最重要的确定宿主是狗,而人类则是paratenic宿主。通过意外摄入卵而传播给人类,例如食用受污染的水果或蔬菜。虽然暴露于弓形虫通常被认为是相对良性的,它与一系列神经系统有关,眼科和其他器官特异性疾病,其中一些会带来严重后果。这篇综述概述了流行病学,非洲弓形虫暴露的表现和危险因素。
方法:对1月1日之后发表的研究进行了系统搜索,1990年,在英语中,法语,葡萄牙语,西班牙语,荷兰语或德语。审查是根据PRISMA指南编写的。包括对人群中的弓形虫病和人类环境中的污染的研究。
结果:共纳入65篇论文。针对弓形虫的抗体。在人类中被发现在整个非洲非常普遍。据报道,主要来自北非。环境污染,包括土壤,在市场上出售的蔬菜和水果在非洲的各个地方都有展示。
结论:暴露于弓形虫在整个非洲大陆普遍存在。然而,并发症的频率,这种人畜共患病对个体和公共卫生的影响,经济影响从未得到系统评估。
BACKGROUND: Toxocariasis is a globally distributed zoonosis. The most important definitive hosts are dogs, whereas humans serve as paratenic hosts. Transmission to humans occurs by accidental ingestion of eggs, e.g. by consumption of contaminated fruits or vegetables. Although exposure to Toxocara is usually considered as relatively benign, it is implicated in a range of neurological, ophthalmologic and other organ-specific conditions, some of them with grave consequences. This
review provides an overview on the epidemiology, presentation and risk factors of exposure to Toxocara in Africa.
METHODS: A systematic search was performed for studies published after January 1st, 1990, in English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch or German. The
review was prepared according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies on toxocariasis in human populations and contamination in human environments were included.
RESULTS: Sixty-five papers were included. Antibodies against Toxocara spp. in humans were found to be very common across Africa. Severe manifestations have been reported mainly from North Africa. Environmental contamination including soil, vegetables and fruits sold on markets was demonstrated in various locations in Africa.
CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to Toxocara is prevalent across the African continent. However, the complication frequency, the impact of the condition on the individual and the public health relevance of this zoonosis, and the economic impact have never been systematically evaluated.