家蚕(Bombyxmori,BM)是一种重要的经济昆虫,它也在世界各地的不同国家被种植和用作食物。本系统综述旨在评估BM作为可食用昆虫的适用性,从报告微生物的科学论文中检索数据,化学,以及作为整个昆虫或昆虫衍生物食用的家蚕的过敏性危害。我们考虑了所有发表在同行评审期刊上的英文研究,法语,和西班牙语。没有时间限制。我们搜索了公共的,WEB科学核心收藏,EMBASE数据库。最后一次文献检索是在5月5日进行的,2021年。以预定义的表格形式收集上述危害的数据。总的来说,筛选后纳入了65条调查安全性方面的记录:32条关于微生物危害;27条关于化学危害;16条关于过敏性危害。关于微生物方面,通过宏基因组分析报告了在原始昆虫中大量存在肠球菌(5.00%至70.10%)。通过非宏基因组方法(经典和生物分子微生物学技术),蜡样芽孢杆菌和荧光假单胞菌是在未加工昆虫中最常用的研究和检测细菌,而蜡状芽孢杆菌和肠杆菌科在昆虫食品中进行了研究和报道。食源性致病菌单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门氏菌。从未被发现。关于毒理学方面,三项研究评估了BM粉对实验动物的毒性,但没有观察到负面影响。关于重金属在BM中的生物积累,据报告,Cu,and,Zn。摄入BM或衍生产品后的过敏反应是由于在节肢动物中普遍存在的蛋白质。此外,BM蛋白可能与其他昆虫物种或甲壳类动物的蛋白发生交叉反应。然而,热处理似乎并不能降低家蚕蛋白质的潜在致敏性。本评论的主要局限性是我们只能包括以西方语言出版的科学文献,虽然大多数相关研究是在亚洲国家进行的,其中一部分是以亚洲语言发表的。总之,关于BM与食品安全相关的微生物和化学危害的科学证据非常有限。在目前的工作中,BM中确定了与食品安全相关的微生物和化学危害,然而,它们的存在并不影响作为食物的使用,但表明需要在特定的生产和使用条件下进行风险评估。摄入可食用BM后,敏感个体可能出现过敏反应。
Bombyx mori (BM) is an economically important insect for silk production, and it is also farmed and used as food in different countries around the world. The present systematic
review aims to assess the suitability of BM as an edible insect, retrieving data from scientific papers reporting microbiological, chemical, and allergenic hazards of
silkworm consumed as either whole insects or insect derivatives. We considered all studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English, French, and Spanish languages. No time limits were imposed. We searched PUBMED, WEB of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE databases. The last literature search was carried out on May 5th, 2021. Data were collected in pre-defined tabular forms for the aforementioned hazards. In total, 65 records investigating the safety aspects were included after screening: 32 on microbiological hazards; 27 on chemical hazards; 16 on allergenic hazards. Concerning microbiological aspects, a high presence of Enterococcus in raw insects (5.00 % to 70.10 %) was reported through metagenomic analysis. Through non-metagenomic methods (classical and biomolecular microbiology techniques), Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens were the most commonly investigated and detected bacteria in the unprocessed insects, while B. cereus and Enterobacteriaceae were studied and reported in insect-based food. The foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were never detected. Concerning toxicological aspects, three studies assessed the toxicity of BM powder in laboratory animals, but no negative effects were observed. Regarding heavy metal bioaccumulation in BM, evidence was reported for As, Cu, and, Zn. Allergic reactions following the ingestion of BM or derivative products are due to proteins that are widespread in arthropods. Furthermore, BM proteins can undergo possible cross-reactions with proteins of other insect species or crustaceans. However, heat treatments do not seem to reduce the allergenic potential of the
silkworm proteins. The major limitation of the present
review is that we could include only scientific literature published in Western languages, while the majority of relevant studies were conducted in Asian countries and part of them are published in Asian languages. In conclusion, scientific evidence regarding microbiological and chemical hazards of BM relevant for food safety is very limited. In the present work microbiological and chemical hazards relevant for food safety were identified in BM, however their presence do not impair the use as food but suggest the need for a risk assessment under specific conditions of production and use. Allergic reactions are possible in sensitive individuals following the ingestion of edible BM.