背景:磷(P),铁(Fe)和锌(Zn)是植物生长发育的必需元素,但是它们在土壤中的可用性通常是有限的。间作有助于增加磷,铁和锌的吸收,从而增加了产量并改善了谷物营养质量,最终改善了人类健康。更好地了解间作如何导致植物磷增加,铁和锌的可用性将有助于提高磷肥的利用效率和农艺铁和锌的生物强化。
方法:这篇综述综合了有关豆类与谷物的间作如何增加P的获得的文献,土壤中的铁和锌,概括了根到芽养分转运的已知知识,植物内部养分的再动员和分配给谷物。
结论:间作中的直接种间促进涉及地下过程,其中谷物增加了铁和锌的生物利用度,而伴随豆类受益。这已通过同位素营养追踪和分子分析得到证明和验证。应使用相同的方法学方法和实地研究来探索直接的种间P促进。生态位互补性和种间促进作用都有助于增加间作中的磷获得。生态位互补性也可能有助于增加铁和锌的获取,一个不了解的方面。微溶P的种间动员和摄取促进,土壤中的铁和锌,然而,不是P浓度的唯一决定因素,晶粒中的Fe和Zn。谷物产量和养分从根到芽的转运进一步影响谷物中这些养分的浓度。
BACKGROUND: Phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are essential elements for plant growth and development, but their availability in soil is often limited. Intercropping contributes to increased P, Fe and Zn uptake and thereby increases yield and improves grain nutritional quality and ultimately human health. A better understanding of how intercropping leads to increased plant P, Fe and Zn availability will help to improve P-fertilizer-use efficiency and agronomic Fe and Zn biofortification.
METHODS: This
review synthesizes the literature on how intercropping of legumes with cereals increases acquisition of P, Fe and Zn from soil and recapitulates what is known about root-to-shoot nutrient translocation, plant-internal nutrient remobilization and allocation to grains.
CONCLUSIONS: Direct interspecific facilitation in intercropping involves below-ground processes in which cereals increase Fe and Zn bioavailability while companion legumes benefit. This has been demonstrated and verified using isotopic nutrient tracing and molecular analysis. The same methodological approaches and field studies should be used to explore direct interspecific P facilitation. Both niche complementarity and interspecific facilitation contribute to increased P acquisition in intercropping. Niche complementarity may also contribute to increased Fe and Zn acquisition, an aspect poorly understood. Interspecific mobilization and uptake facilitation of sparingly soluble P, Fe and Zn from soil, however, are not the only determinants of the concentrations of P, Fe and Zn in grains. Grain yield and nutrient translocation from roots to shoots further influence the concentrations of these nutrients in grains.