背景:反射共聚焦显微镜(RCM)已迅速从研究工具过渡到辅助诊断床边工具,为具有组织学分辨率的皮肤病变的非侵入性评估提供了机会。RCM是一种使用近红外激发波长和安全低功率激光器的光学成像技术。基于组织成分的反射指数,以灰度获取不同皮肤层(直到浅层真皮)的人脸图像。黑色素具有最高的反射指数(对比度)并且在RCM上显得明亮。
目的:我们综述了RCM在色素性疾病的诊断和治疗中的应用。
方法:我们从2000年1月至2021年6月审查了PubMed和OvidMedline数据库,使用MeSH关键术语:“反射共聚焦显微镜,共聚焦激光扫描显微镜,色素性疾病,治疗,黄褐斑,白癜风,雀斑,太阳能扁豆,Lentigo,纹身,并发症,黑色素瘤,皮肤癌,色素性病变,炎症后,黑色素,“光老化”以确定研究并回顾讨论RCM在色素性疾病的诊断和管理中的应用的文章。
结果:色素性疾病的RCM发现分为以下几类:(1)色素沉着增加的疾病(炎症后色素沉着过度,黄褐斑,Riehl的黑变病,太阳腹水,依弗利德,HoriNevus,大田的内evus,Café-au-lait斑斑,黑素细胞痣,黑色素瘤,痣,唇粘膜黑变病,和粘膜黑色素瘤),(2)色素沉着或色素沉着减少(炎症后色素沉着减退,白癜风,痣,光环痣),和(3)外源性色素沉着(纹身,ochronosis)。
结论:已对RCM进行了探索,并证明对包括黄褐斑在内的色素性疾病的评估和管理有价值。白癜风,太阳腹水,纹身,和纹身相关的并发症.
BACKGROUND: Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has quickly transitioned from a research tool to an adjunct diagnostic bedside tool, providing the opportunity for noninvasive evaluation of skin lesions with histologic resolution. RCM is an optical imaging technique that uses near-infrared excitation wavelengths and safe low-power lasers. En-face images of different skin layers (up to the superficial dermis) are acquired in grayscale based on the reflective indices of tissue components. Melanin has the highest reflective index (contrast) and appears bright on RCM.
OBJECTIVE: We present a
review of the current literature on the use of RCM in the diagnosis and management of pigmentary disorders.
METHODS: We reviewed PubMed and Ovid Medline databases from January 2000 to June 2021, using MeSH key terms: \"reflectance confocal microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, pigmentary disorders, treatment, melasma, vitiligo, freckles, solar lentigo, lentigo, tattoo, complications, melanoma, skin cancers, pigmented lesions, post inflammatory, melanin, photoaging\" to identify studies and
review articles discussing the use of RCM in the diagnosis and management of pigmentary disorders.
RESULTS: RCM findings of pigmentary disorders were divided into the following categories: (1) disorders of increased pigmentation (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, Riehl\'s melanosis, solar lentigines, ephelides, hori nevus, naevus of Ota, café-au-lait macules, melanocytic nevus, melanoma, nevus spilus, labial mucosal melanosis, and mucosal melanoma), (2) disorders of decreased pigmentation or depigmentation (post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, vitiligo, nevus depigmentosus, halo nevus), and (3) exogenous pigmentation (tattoo, ochronosis).
CONCLUSIONS: RCM has been explored and proven valuable for the evaluation and management of pigmentary disorders including melasma, vitiligo, solar lentigines, tattoo, and tattoo-related complications.