全球范围内,转基因(GM)作物的种植面积正在急剧增加。尽管它们有众所周知的好处,它们也可能对农业和环境构成许多风险。在各种转基因作物中,转基因油菜(BrassicanapusL.)被广泛种植,主要用于石油生产。同时,B.napus具有许多特征,包括形成野生种群和充当小种子杂草的能力,并具有与其他物种杂交的巨大潜力。在这次审查中,我们提供了商业化的概述,批准状态,和种植转基因油菜,以及野生油菜种群的状况。此外,我们重点介绍了几个国家在运输过程中转基因油菜籽无意环境释放的案例研究。先前的研究表明,无意释放的主要原因是转基因油菜种植和非种植国家的油菜运输/进口过程中的种子溢出。尽管经常记录意外释放的事件,没有关于严重有害后果的报道。然而,由于油菜籽具有很高的杂交潜力,属内基因流动的可能性,尤其是B.rapa,相对重要,考虑到它们杂草丛生的特性,需要有效的管理方法。因此,我们建议使用特定程序来有效监测转基因油菜籽的环境释放以及管理,以避免环境和农业干扰。
Globally, the cultivation area of genetically modified (GM) crops is increasing dramatically. Despite their well-known benefits, they may also pose many risks to agriculture and the environment. Among the various GM crops, GM
rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is widely cultivated, mainly for oil production. At the same time, B. napus possesses a number of characteristics, including the ability to form feral populations and act as small-seeded weeds, and has a high potential for hybridization with other species. In this
review, we provide an overview of the commercialization, approval status, and cultivation of GM
rapeseed, as well as the status of the feral
rapeseed populations. In addition, we highlight the case studies on the unintentional environmental release of GM
rapeseed during transportation in several countries. Previous studies suggest that the main reason for the unintentional release is seed spillage during transport/importing of rapeseed in both GM
rapeseed-cultivating and -non-cultivating countries. Despite the fact that incidents of unintentional release have been recorded often, there have been no reports of serious detrimental consequences. However, since rapeseed has a high potential for hybridization, the possibilities of gene flow within the genus, especially with B. rapa, are relatively significant, and considering their weedy properties, effective management methods are needed. Hence, we recommend that specific programs be used for the effective monitoring of environmental releases of GM rapeseed as well as management to avoid environmental and agricultural perturbations.