Renal transplantation is undoubtedly an effective treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease, but it is certainly not a cure. Patients require lifelong immunosuppression to maintain optimal allograft function, and post-operative risk complications such as cancer in the transplant recipient cannot be ignored. Besides, infection is a silent complication that follows transplantation. Relatedly, herein, we present a report of a 40-year-old patient who underwent renal transplantation and promptly developed a diffuse large B-cell tumor in the liver and Aspergillus infection in the trachea. In addition, an inflammatory necrotizing granuloma was also observed in the muscles. Of importance, we also described the potential of 18F-FDG-PET/CT, which was instrumental in monitoring and evaluating these relevant post-operative complications in this rare case.

In solid organ transplant patients, non-melanoma skin cancer remains a leading cause of mortality. The most common skin malignancies in solid organ transplant patients are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In organ transplant patients, SCC is 100 times more prevalent, and BCC is 10 times more prevalent than in the general population. Many risk factors for developing such malignancies are equivalent to those in the general population. However, in the transplant population, such cancers occur at an earlier age, act more aggressively, and often appear at multiple locations. Thus, assiduousness on the patient\'s part and healthcare providers is the highest priority. The concurrence of SCC and BCC together is rarely encountered in a post-transplant individual. We report a rare case of coexistence of SCC and BCC in the same patient. A 63-year-old man had been diagnosed with SCC and BCC simultaneously by a punch biopsy performed at two different scalp lesions of different diameters. This review describes an unusual occurrence of both skin cancers concurrently in a kidney transplant recipient.

UNASSIGNED: Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a well-recognized and potentially reversible cause of resistant hypertension post transplantation and can affect 1% to 23% of recipients. Stenosis of the iliac segment proximal to the transplant renal artery (proximal TRAS) causing dysfunction of the transplanted kidney is less common with reported incidence of 2% to 3%. Presentation typically occurs between 3 months and 2 years post transplant but may happen at any time. Noninvasive investigations such as Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) angiogram, and magnetic resonance angiogram are useful in initial evaluation, but definitive diagnosis of hemodynamically significant stenosis often requires formal angiogram. Transplant renal artery stenosis should be suspected in any kidney transplant recipient with worsening hypertension and/or deterioration in kidney function which is otherwise unexplained. We present the case of a kidney transplant recipient with resistant hypertension and impaired graft function, secondary to severe impairment of graft blood flow from proximal iliac system occlusion.
UNASSIGNED: A 74-year-old female 15 years post live donor kidney transplant presented with graft dysfunction (serum Cr 229 μmol/L) and resistant hypertension, requiring use of 8 antihypertensive medications. On physical examination, blood pressure was 160/92 mm Hg with no tenderness over the renal graft in the right lower abdominal quadrant and no audible bruit in kidney allograft area.
UNASSIGNED: Transplant Doppler ultrasound showed reversal of flow in the right external iliac artery suggestive of ipsilateral proximal iliac occlusion. Pre-procedure CT demonstrated severe atherosclerotic burden within the aorta and bilateral iliac systems. The anastomosed right renal artery appeared patent.
UNASSIGNED: Conventional angiogram showed occlusion of the right common and proximal external iliac arteries with retrograde perfusion of the transplant kidney via the contralateral left iliac system and aorta. Subintimal recanalization of the right iliac system was performed with angioplasty and kissing stent placement at the aortic bifurcation with stents extending into the proximal right external iliac artery. Post deployment angiogram demonstrated renewed patency of the right iliac system, with restoration of antegrade perfusion to the transplant kidney.
UNASSIGNED: The patient\'s blood pressure decreased significantly after the procedure, with improvement in graft function. After 6 months, the patient continued to have optimally controlled blood pressure (on 3 medications) and stable graft function (serum Cr 74 μmol/L).
UNASSIGNED: Our case describes proximal TRAS and the contribution of renal hypoperfusion to hypertension and impaired graft function, with the potential for reversibility.
UNASSIGNED: La sténose de l’artère du rein transplanté (SART) est une cause bien connue et potentiellement réversible d’hypertension résistante qui touche de 1 à 23% des receveurs après l’intervention. La sténose du segment iliaque proximal de l’artère du rein transplanté (SARTprox), laquelle cause un dysfonctionnement du greffon, est moins fréquente (incidence rapportée: 2 à 3%). Elle se produit généralement entre 3 mois et 2 ans après la transplantation, mais peut se produire à tout moment. Les examens non invasifs tels que l’échographie Doppler, l’angiographie par tomodensitométrie (TDM) et l’angiographie par résonance magnétique sont utiles pour l’évaluation initiale, mais le diagnostic définitif d’une sténose hémodynamiquement significative nécessite souvent une angiographie formelle. Les SART doivent être suspectées chez tout receveur d’une greffe rénale présentant une aggravation de l’hypertension et/ou une détérioration de la fonction rénale, autrement inexpliquées. Nous présentons le cas d’une receveuse souffrant d’hypertension résistante et d’une altération de la fonction du greffon résultant d’une grave altération du flux sanguin dans le greffon causée par l’occlusion du système iliaque proximal.
UNASSIGNED: Une femme de 74 ans, greffée 15 ans auparavant avec un rein de donneur vivant, présentait un dysfonctionnement du greffon (Cr sérique: 229 µmol/L) et une hypertension résistante nécessitant huit médicaments antihypertenseurs. À l’examen physique, la pression artérielle était de 160/92 mm Hg et la patiente ne présentait aucune sensibilité au-dessus du greffon rénal dans le quadrant inférieur droit de l’abdomen, ni bruit audible au niveau de l’artère rénale.
UNASSIGNED: L’échographie Doppler du greffon a montré une inversion du flux dans l’artère iliaque externe droite, ce qui suggérait une occlusion iliaque proximale ipsilatérale. La TDM avant l’intervention avait montré une charge athérosclérotique sévère dans l’aorte et les systèmes iliaques bilatéraux. L’artère rénale droite anastomosée semblait non obstruée.
UNASSIGNED: L’angiographie conventionnelle a montré une occlusion de l’artère iliaque commune droite et de l’artère iliaque externe proximale, avec une perfusion rétrograde du rein transplanté via le système iliaque gauche controlatéral et l’aorte. La recanalisation sous-intimale du système iliaque droit a été réalisée par angioplastie et on a procédé à la pose d’une endoprothèse au niveau de la bifurcation aortique avec des extenseurs s’étendant dans l’artère iliaque externe droite proximale. L’angiographie post-déploiement a démontré une perméabilité renouvelée du système iliaque droit, avec restauration de la perfusion antérograde vers le rein transplanté.
UNASSIGNED: Après la procédure, la pression artérielle de la patiente s’est abaissée significativement et la fonction du greffon s’est améliorée. Après 6 mois, la pression artérielle demeurait bien contrôlée (avec trois médicaments) et la fonction du greffon était stable (Cr sérique: 74 µmol/L).
UNASSIGNED: Notre cas décrit une SARTprox et la contribution de l’hypoperfusion rénale à l’hypertension et à l’altération de la fonction du greffon, avec un potentiel de réversibilité.

Histoplasmosis has variable clinical presentation that mimics various benign and malignant lesions. It is more often associated with pulmonary lesions and disseminated form of disease. Herein, we report a rare case of localized laryngeal histoplasmosis in a 62-year-old Indian man who presented with hoarseness of voice and dysphagia. Post-renal transplant, he was on immunosuppressive drugs for last three years. Laryngoscopy revealed an ulceroproliferative growth at base of tongue, which was extending upto the pyriform fossa. Histopathology of laryngeal biopsy revealed numerous intracellular fungal yeast forms of Histoplasma that were subsequently confirmed serologically. The patient was put on oral itraconazole therapy and he responded well to the treatment with complete resolution of the disease. Early diagnosis and management of patient helps in preventing dissemination of the disease.