识别可靠和准确的死后间隔(PMI)是法医学和刑事调查领域的主要挑战。最近开发了几种实验室技术,为PMI的估算提供了更好的贡献,除了传统的物理或物理化学(身体冷却,尸斑,放射性碳测年,Rigormortis),化学(自溶),微生物(腐败),昆虫学,以及植物学参数。分子生物学(蛋白质等大分子的降解模式,DNA,RNA),生物流体的生化分析(如血液,脑脊液,和玻璃体幽默),和免疫组织化学是一些最新的技术创新。对文献进行了系统回顾,目的是提供有关不同PMI下特定抗原标志物的免疫组织化学(IHC)表达之间相关性的最新概述。根据PRISMA指南进行系统评价。从1998年1月1日至2022年3月1日,Scopus和PubMed被用作搜索引擎,以评估免疫组织化学在估计PMI中的有效性。使用以下关键词:(免疫组织化学)OR(免疫组织化学)和(自死亡以来的时间)OR(死后间隔)OR(PMI)。共收集了6571篇文章。最终,本综述包括16项研究。本系统综述的结果强调了IHC技术,与传统方法相结合,添加,在贝叶斯术语中,更多信息来定义更准确的死亡时间和PMI。然而,目前的IHC结果在数值上是有限的,在不久的将来更多的数据和研究是可取的。
The identification of a reliable and accurate post-mortem interval (PMI) is a major challenge in the field of forensic sciences and criminal investigation. Several laboratory techniques have recently been developed that offer a better contribution to the estimation of PMI, in addition to the traditional physical or physico-chemical (body cooling, lividity, radiocarbon dating, rigor mortis), chemical (autolysis), microbiological (putrefaction), entomological, as well as botanical parameters. Molecular biology (degradation pattern of macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, RNA), biochemical analysis of biological fluids (such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humor), and immunohistochemistry are some of the most recent technological innovations. A systematic
review of the literature was performed with the aim of presenting an up-to-date overview on the correlation between the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of specific antigenic markers at different PMIs. The systematic
review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Scopus and PubMed were used as search engines from January 1, 1998 to March 1, 2022 to evaluate the effectiveness of immunohistochemistry in estimating PMI. The following keywords were used: (immunohistochemical) OR (immunohistochemistry) AND (time since death) OR (post-mortem interval) OR (PMI). A total of 6571 articles were collected. Ultimately, 16 studies were included in this
review. The results of this systematic
review highlighted that IHC techniques, in association with traditional methods, add, in Bayesian terms, additional information to define a more accurate time of death and PMI. However, current IHC results are numerically limited and more data and studies are desirable in the near future.