Posterior scleritis is a rare inflammatory eye condition affecting the posterior segments of the sclera and is more prevalent in females. Its clinical presentation, often nonspecific, includes ocular pain, headache, and vision loss. Misdiagnosis is common due to a lack of specific symptoms posing a potential threat to vision. The etiology is often tied to rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic erythematous lupus (SLE), and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Posterior scleritis poses diagnostic challenges, mimicking many other ocular conditions, hence necessitating a thorough clinical eye exam. Laboratory studies, including inflammatory markers and markers of rheumatic diseases, may identify underlying systemic diseases. Imaging, including B-scan ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), aids in accurate diagnosis. Treatment involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), as well as topical corticosteroids for mild disease and systemic corticosteroids for severe disease. Biologic therapy has become increasingly significant for refractory cases. A multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmology and rheumatology is crucial in the management of this potential sight-threatening disease. This case report highlights a 46-year-old woman with a history of RA-associated posterior scleritis.

Dengue fever (DF), which is caused by the dengue virus (DENV) and transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes, is well recognized for its systemic manifestations, with its ocular involvement gaining recent attention. We present a case of a 41-year-old Taiwanese female who developed acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following a DF diagnosis related to DENV-1, emphasizing the need for awareness of this complication. The patient, with a history of completely resolved optic neuritis (ON) and comorbidities, experienced blurred vision on day 10 after the onset of DF. The ophthalmic examination revealed macular edema, ellipsoid zone (EZ) infiltration, and choriocapillaris involvement. Despite pulse therapy with corticosteroids, visual disturbances persisted, highlighting the challenge of managing ocular complications. Ocular manifestations in DF include hemorrhages, inflammation, and vascular complications. DF-associated AMN, a rare presentation, poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment response evaluation. While most patients recover spontaneously, some face persistent visual impairment, especially with AMN. Our case emphasizes the importance of recognizing ocular complications in DF, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management and further research to delineate treatment strategies and outcomes.

UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of ocular abnormalities of COVID-19 is different according to different reports. However, currently available evidence on the presence of this virus in ocular secretions and its association with conjunctivitis is not well established.
UNASSIGNED: To reveal the ocular features among COVID-19 patients and to describe them with the findings of clinical data, inflammatory markers, and respiratory support therapy.
UNASSIGNED: Ocular symptoms were evaluated and recorded in 494 COV19 patients through questionnaire-style interviews, and an ophthalmologic examination. Data including age, sex, disease severity, and nasopharyngeal swab results were collected. Laboratory test values were reviewed. Patients with COVID-19 infections were classified into severe cases and mild cases.
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of ocular features was (2.83%). The most common features were conjunctival hyperaemia, epiphora, and foreign body sensation with itching. Patients with ocular manifestations on CPAP support therapy had higher rates of itching, lower rates of foreign body sensation. No differences were found in the levels of inflammatory marker. Meanwhile, patients used respiratory-aid therapy revealed higher values of white blood cells, platelet counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase.
UNASSIGNED: Ocular involvement in COVID-19 and possibility of disease transmission through ocular tissues and secretions, has been registered in some reports, with a prevalence of 2-32%. The external and internal ocular parts are involved.
UNASSIGNED: Ocular features are not infrequent in COVID-19 patients.

Monkeypox virus (mpox), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Orthopox genus, can affect vulnerable anatomic sites, including the eyes, causing a monkeypox-related ophthalmic disease. The mpox virus may enter the eye via autoinoculation and cause multiple problems from mild lesions including conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, to severe ones such as corneal ulcers, corneal scarring, and rarely loss of vision. The aim of this article is to aggregate from an ophthalmologic point of view what is presently known about mpox-related ophthalmic disease (mpoxROD) and to present a particular case of a 41-year-old, white, bisexual, HIV positive male, with severe ocular complications. This article presents the first reported case in Romania, of severe mpoxROD, with clinically relevant information for infectious disease doctors and especially for ophthalmologists.

BACKGROUND: Cat-scratch disease typically presents with various ocular manifestations such as uveitis, vitritis, retinitis, retinochoroiditis, and optic neuritis. However, fundus nodular lesions was rarely reported. In our study, we reported a case of Cat-Scratch disease with binocular fundus nodular lesions.
METHODS: An 11-year old male presented with uveitis in the right eye and bilateral fundus nodular lesions after indirect contact with unvaccinated cats. Comprehensive ancillary examinations including wide-angle fundus photography, ultrasonography, fluorescein fundus angiography, optical coherence tomography, and orbital magnetic resonance imaging were performed to elucidate the multidimensional features of the binocular lesions. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing was utilized to confirm the diagnosis of Cat-scratch disease. The patient\'s condition showed improvement after a 6-month combination treatment regimen involving systemic administration of doxycycline hyclate and methylprednisolone tablets, as well as local application of mydriatic and corticosteroid eye drops.
CONCLUSIONS: We firstly reported a case of Cat-scratch disease presenting simultaneously with uveitis and fundus nodular lesions caused by Bartonella henselae infection in a child. Timely diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids showed promising outcomes for the prognosis of these ocular disorders.

Takayasu\'s arteritis (TA) is a type of vasculitis in which inflammation develops in large vessels, especially in the aorta and its branches. Our study aims to determine the prevalence and type of ocular manifestations in TA. A systematic literature search was conducted in December 2022 using three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). The following data were extracted from each article: the name of the first author; the patient\'s age, sex, and origin (continent); circumstances connected with the diagnosis of TA; symptoms given by the patients; reported ocular manifestations; and administered treatment. The final analysis was based on data collected from 122 cases. Retinal ischemia, followed by optic neuropathy, cataract, and retinal artery occlusion, were the most prevalent eye conditions associated with the disease. Systemic steroid therapy, vascular procedures, and methotrexate were mainly used to treat pulseless disease. Patients mostly complained of gradual vision acuity loss, sudden vision acuity loss, ocular pain, and amaurosis fugax. The diagnosis of Takayasu\'s arteritis should be considered in patients presenting symptoms of visual decline/loss, ocular pain, or signs of retinal ischemia, optic neuropathy, or early cataract formation. A proper diagnosis is crucial to ensure the patient receives treatment without significant delay.

Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a small vessel vasculitis with a positive ANCA in the serum. One of three diseases that fall under this category is granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener\'s granulomatosis. This case report presents a patient with an ocular manifestation of GPA, rendering a difficult diagnosis and multi-specialty approach to managing the disease.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an atypical, multisystem disease with unknown etiology that generally affects both genders equally, with a predominance in the Caucasian racial group for individuals in their fourth decade. The disease affects the small vessels of the respiratory system, lungs, and kidneys. ENT manifestations are common, but ocular involvement is also frequent and can occur as an initial harbinger of the disease. The signs and symptoms of the disease are non-pathognomonic and sometimes localized, but it carries a poor prognosis if left untreated. Early diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis can be difficult and is established by a clinical examination along with laboratory tests for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and anatomopathological exam results that showcase necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, and vasculitis. Although the ocular involvement is not life threatening, it can cause blindness and may also be a sign of the active form of this systemic fatal disease. Treatment strategies involving immunosuppression and adjuvant therapies improve the prognosis. In this article we present a rare case of a patient diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis in our ENT department in 2003, with a follow-up for19 years in our clinic.

暂无摘要。

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the highly aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas. The optic nerve can be affected in case of isolated lymphoma or together with the central nervous system (CNS) and systemic lymphoma. We report a rare case of involvement of bilateral optic nerves in BL. A 31-year-old lady who was diagnosed with BL presented with severe intermittent headache and vomiting with blurring of vision in both eyes for one week. Visual acuity on presentation was 6/9 in the right eye and 6/24 in the left eye, with a reduction of the left eye optic nerve functions. Fundoscopy showed swollen optic disc in the right eye and temporal pallor disc in the left. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbit showed increased leptomeningeal enhancement in the right frontal and temporal lobes and the right optic nerve. Lumbar puncture revealed high opening pressure (50 cmH2O). Pleocytosis and the presence of lymphomatous infiltration were noted in cerebrospinal fluid analysis. After the completion of four cycles of chemotherapy, her condition unfortunately deteriorated, and she was subsequently planned for palliative therapy. CNS-directed therapies should be considered given the high risk of CNS relapse.