背景:职业压力在全球范围内不断增加,并影响到所有工作场所和国家/地区的卫生专业人员。尽管它对医疗保健服务产生了重大影响,有限的研究实际上比较了患病率,原因,影响,在加纳,在能力和功能不同的医院工作的护士之间的压力和应对策略。我们,因此,检查并比较了患病率,原因,加纳二级保健和三级医院护士职业压力的影响和应对策略。
方法:我们对来自两家医院(Volta地区医院[VRH]和Ho教学医院[HTH])的248名护士进行了一项基于医疗机构的横断面研究。采用感知压力量表(PSS)和威曼职业压力量表(WOSS)分别测量护士的压力水平和职业压力的原因。使用自我报告的清单来衡量压力和策略的影响。进行了描述性分析和t检验,在0.05的水平上有统计学意义。
结果:大多数77.8%的护士经历了中等水平的感知压力。来自两家医院的护士的总个体平均得分(VRH=3.02和HTH=3.09)分别比既定的WOSS个体平均值2.25高34%和37%。护理困难患者(t=-1.1196,p=0.037),与上级的关系不友好,同事们,和下属(t=-2.3333,p=0.020),与不称职的员工一起工作(t=-1.3129,p=0.037)是HTH护士中具有统计学意义的压力源.然而,工作时间长(t=2.0841,p=0.038)和针刺伤(t=2.6669,p=0.008)是VRH护士的显著压力源.头痛(VRH=73.8%和HTH=97.9%),疲劳(VRH=68.9%,HTH=83.5%),挫折VRH=50.5%和HTH=68.3%)和缺乏浓度(VRH=81.6%和HTH=80.0%)是职业压力的最常见影响。
结论:大多数护士报告中等程度的压力,这两个机构的压力源不同。压力的主要原因是针刺伤,长时间,处理有挑战性的病人和紧张的人际关系。常见的副作用是头痛,疲惫,烦躁,很难集中注意力。加快实现到2030年促进精神健康和福祉的可持续发展目标(SDG)3.4、2012年《加纳精神健康法》和《职业健康和安全条例》。应在全国各地的卫生设施中充分有效地实施。
BACKGROUND: Occupational stress is increasing globally and affecting all workplaces and countries\' health professionals. Despite its significant impact on healthcare delivery, limited studies have actually compared the prevalence, causes, effects, and coping strategies of stress among nurses working in hospitals with variation in capacity and function in Ghana. We, therefore, examined and compared the prevalence, causes, effects and coping strategies of occupational stress among nurses working in a secondary care and tertiary hospital in Ghana.
METHODS: We conducted a health facility-based cross-sectional
study among 248 nurses from two hospitals (Volta Regional Hospital [VRH] and Ho Teaching Hospital [HTH]). The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Weiman Occupational Stress Scale (WOSS) were used to measure the nurses\' stress levels and causes of occupational stress respectively. A self-reported checklist was used to measure both the effects of stress and strategies. Descriptive analyses and t-tests were performed, and statistical significance was measured at the 0.05 level.
RESULTS: The majority of nurses 77.8% experienced a moderate level of perceived stress. The total individual mean scores of the nurses from the two hospitals (VRH = 3.02 and HTH = 3.09) were 34% and 37% respectively higher than the established WOSS individual average of 2.25. Nursing difficult patients (t=-1.1196, p = 0.037), Unfriendly relationships with superiors, colleagues, and subordinates (t=-2.3333, p = 0.020), working with incompetent staff (t=-1.3129, p = 0.037) were the statistically significant stressors among nurses in the HTH. Whereas, long work hours (t = 2.0841, p = 0.038) and needle-stick injuries (t = 2.6669, p = 0.008) were the statistically significant stressors among nurses from the VRH. Headache (VRH = 73.8% and HTH = 97.9%), Fatigue (VRH = 68.9% and HTH = 83.5%), Frustration VRH = 50.5% and HTH = 68.3%) and Lack of Concentration (VRH = 81.6% and HTH = 80.0%) were most common effects of occupational stress reported.
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of nurses reported moderate levels of stress, with the two institutions\' stressors differing. Key causes of stress were needle stick injuries, long hours, dealing with challenging patients and strained interpersonal relationships. Common side effects were headaches, exhaustion, irritability, and trouble focusing. To accelerate progress towards achieving the sustainable development goal (SDG) 3.4 of promoting mental health and well-being by 2030, the 2012 Mental Health Act of Ghana and the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, should fully and effectively be implemented in health facilities across the country.