合成卡西酮的心脏毒性作用在很大程度上仍然未知。在这项研究中,我们提出了两个案例,一系列案例和范围审查,探索合成卡西酮相关的心脏毒性。病例1涉及一名28岁男性,在摄入含有4-甲基甲卡西酮(4-MMC)的物质后患有非ST段抬高型心肌梗死,3-甲基甲基卡西诺(3-MMC),还有甲卡西酮.病例2涉及一名49岁男性在摄入4-甲基甲基卡西酮后发生心室纤颤,他被诊断出患有严重的三支血管疾病。对2012年至2022年向荷兰毒物信息中心报告的自我报告的合成卡西酮中毒进行了回顾性分析。总共包括222种具有心脏毒性的单一中毒,主要涉及3-甲基甲基卡西诺(63%)。经常是心动过速,高血压,心悸,报告了胸痛。在PubMed上进行了全面的文献检索,以确定报告心脏骤停的研究,心肌梗塞,心脏炎症,心肌病,和使用合成卡西诺酮后危及生命的心律失常。共纳入30篇报告40例的文章。报告的并发症包括心脏骤停(n=28),室性心动过速(n=4),室上性心动过速(n=1),ST段抬高型心肌梗死(n=2),非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(n=2),心肌病(n=1),和心肌炎(n=2)。总共鉴定了十种不同的相关合成卡西酮。心脏骤停,心肌梗塞,据报道,在使用合成卡西酮后,室性心律失常,强调从晕厥患者那里获得详细的娱乐性药物使用史的重要性,胸痛,或者心悸.
The cardiotoxic effects of synthetic cathinones remain largely unknown. In this study, we present two cases, a
case series and a scoping review, to explore synthetic cathinone associated cardiotoxicity.
Case 1 involved a 28-year-old male with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction after ingesting a substance containing 4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC), 3-methylmethcathinon (3-MMC), and methcathinone.
Case 2 involved a 49-year-old male with ventricular fibrillation after 4-methylmethcathinone ingestion, who was diagnosed with severe three-vessel disease. A retrospective analysis was performed on self-reported synthetic cathinone poisonings reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Centre from 2012 to 2022. A total of 222 mono-intoxications with cardiotoxicity were included, mostly involving 3-methylmethcathinon (63%). Often tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, and chest pain were reported. A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed to identify the studies reporting cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, cardiac inflammation, cardiomyopathy, and life-threatening arrhythmias following synthetic cathinone use. A total of 30 articles reporting 40 cases were included. The reported complications included cardiac arrest (n = 28), ventricular tachycardia (n = 4), supraventricular tachycardia (n = 1), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (n = 2), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (n = 2), cardiomyopathy (n = 1), and myocarditis (n = 2). A total of ten different associated synthetic cathinones were identified. Cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported following the use of synthetic cathinones, underscoring the importance of obtaining a detailed recreational drug use history from patients presenting with syncope, chest pain, or palpitations.