背景:肝外胆管神经内分泌癌(NEC)非常罕见,治疗和预后尚不清楚。在这里,我们报道了1例中年女性肝总导管原发性大细胞NEC(LCNEC)合并远端胆管癌(dCCA)的病例。此外,在回顾了相关文献后,我们总结并比较混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤(MiNEN)和单纯NEC,为选择合适的治疗方法和预测这种罕见疾病的预后提供参考。
方法:一名62岁的女性因反复腹痛2个月来医院就诊。体格检查显示上腹部轻度压痛和Courvoisier体征阳性。血液检查显示肝脏转氨酶和碳水化合物抗原199水平升高。影像学检查显示胆总管中段和下段有1厘米的肿瘤。行胰十二指肠切除术+淋巴结清扫术,手术中意外发现肝管肿瘤。病理提示LCNEC低分化(约0.5cm×0.5cm×0.4cm)Ki-67(50%),突触素+,和嗜铬粒蛋白A+。dCCA病理提示中分化腺癌。患者最终出现肝脏淋巴结转移,骨头,腹膜,术后24个月死亡。基因测序方法用于比较两个原发性胆管肿瘤中的基因突变。
结论:单独的MiNEN和纯NEC的预后不同,治疗方案的选择需要区别对待。
BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the extrahepatic bile duct is very rare, and the treatment and prognosis are unclear. Herein, we report the case of a middle-aged female with primary large cell NEC (LCNEC) of the common hepatic duct combined with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA). Additionally, after a
review of the relevant literature, we summarize and compare mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) and pure NEC to provide a reference for selecting the appropriate treatment and predicting the prognosis of this rare disease.
METHODS: A 62-year-old female presented to the hospital due to recurrent abdominal pain for 2 months. Physical examination showed mild tenderness in the upper abdomen and a positive Courvoisier sign. Blood tests showed elevated liver transaminase and carbohydrate antigen 199 levels. Imaging examination revealed a 1-cm tumour in the middle and lower segments of the common bile duct. Pancreaticoduodenectomy + lymph node dissection was performed, and hepatic duct tumours were unexpectedly found during surgery. Pathology suggested poorly differentiated LCNEC (approximately 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm × 0.4 cm), Ki-67 (50%), synaptophysin+, and chromogranin A+. dCCA pathology suggested moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient eventually developed lymph node metastasis in the liver, bone, peritoneum, and abdominal cavity and died 24 months after surgery. Gene sequencing methods were used to compare gene mutations in the two primary bile duct tumours.
CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of MiNEN and pure NEC alone is different, and the selection of treatment options needs to be differentiated.