目的:鱼雷黄斑病是一种偶然的,先天性视网膜病变。典型的临床发现是单侧的,对称,椭圆形,下颞叶黄斑色素减退。在大多数情况下,病变沿水平方向,是鱼雷形的,并且鼻缘指向中央凹。诊断是根据其特征形状确定的,光学相干断层扫描(OCT)的定位和发现。鱼雷黄斑病的病因和发病机制尚不清楚,但它被认为是视网膜色素上皮(RPE)的先天性缺陷。本出版物的目的是强调这种诊断,并提出成年患者鱼雷黄斑病的偶然发现。
方法:一名30岁女性患者报告进行常规眼部检查。右眼眼底检查显示椭圆形色素减退病变,其大小为1盘直径从中央凹下缘,随后是指向中心凹的同一轴上的卫星病变。根据OCT,OCT血管造影,眼底自发荧光,以及病变的典型形状和位置,该患者被诊断为右眼鱼雷黄斑病变。
结论:一般来说,鱼雷黄斑病是无症状的,先天性,良性视网膜病变,通常是在常规眼底检查中意外诊断的。TM是非进行性视网膜发现,视觉功能恶化的风险最小,这不需要任何治疗。然而,由于脉络膜新生血管膜的罕见风险,建议每年检查一次。当从中央凹下发现单侧色素减退性病变时,有必要考虑这种诊断,为了区分它和脉络膜视网膜萎缩,疤痕,卵黄样营养不良,或其他RPE病变作为鉴别诊断的一部分。
OBJECTIVE: Torpedo maculopathy is an incidental, congenital retinal lesion. The typical clinical finding is a unilateral, symmetric, oval, hypopigmented lesion in the inferotemporal
macula. In most cases, the lesion is along the horizontal raphe, is torpedo-shaped, and the nasal edge is directed into the foveola. The diagnosis is determined on the basis of its characteristic shape, localization and findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT). The etiology and pathogenesis of torpedo maculopathy is unclear, but it is believed to be a congenital defect of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The aim of this publication is highlight this diagnosis and to present an incidental finding of torpedo maculopathy in an adult patient.
METHODS: A 30-year-old female patient reported for a routine eye examination. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed an oval hypopigmented lesion with a size of 1 disk diameter inferotemporally from the fovea, which was followed by a satellite lesion in the same axis directed into the foveola. Based on OCT, OCT angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and the typical shape and location of the lesion, the patient was diagnosed with torpedo maculopathy in the right eye.
CONCLUSIONS: In general, torpedo maculopathy is an asymptomatic, congenital, benign retinal lesion, which is mostly diagnosed accidentally during a routine fundus examination. TM is non-progressive retinal finding with a minimal risk of deterioration of visual functions, which does not require any treatment. Nevertheless, due to the rare risk of a choroidal neovascular membrane, it is recommended to examine patients once a year. It is necessary to consider this diagnosis when a unilateral hypopigmented lesion is found inferotemporally from the fovea, and to distinguish it from chorioretinal atrophy, scar, vitelliform dystrophy, or other RPE lesions as part of the differential diagnosis.