目前许多基因工程治疗方法的一个显著限制是它们对强度的控制有限。定时,或其治疗效果的细胞背景。合成基因/遗传回路是合成生物学方法,可以控制生成,改造,或特定DNA的缺失,RNA,或蛋白质,并提供对基因表达和细胞行为的精确控制。它们可以被设计为通过仔细选择启动子来执行逻辑运算,压制者,和其他遗传成分。专利检索在Espacenet,产生了38项精选专利,其中15项最常见的国际分类。专利实施方案被分类为用于递送治疗分子的应用,治疗传染病,治疗癌症,治疗出血,和治疗代谢紊乱。描述了所选遗传电路的逻辑门,以全面展示其治疗应用。合成基因电路可以定制治疗干预的精确控制,导致个性化的治疗,专门响应个人患者的需求,提高治疗效果和减少副作用。它们可以是高度灵敏的生物传感器,其通过准确监测各种生物标志物或病原体并适当地合成治疗分子来提供实时治疗。合成基因回路也可能导致先进的再生疗法的发展和可根据需要产生生物活性分子的可植入生物装置。然而,这项技术面临商业盈利能力的挑战。基因电路设计需要针对特定应用进行调整,可能有缺点,比如来自多个监管机构的毒性,同源重组,上下文依赖,资源过度使用,和环境变化。
A significant limitation of numerous current genetic engineering therapy approaches is their limited control over the strength, timing, or cellular context of their therapeutic effect. Synthetic gene/genetic circuits are synthetic biology approaches that can control the generation, transformation, or depletion of a specific DNA, RNA, or protein and provide precise control over gene expression and cellular behavior. They can be designed to perform logical operations by carefully selecting promoters, repressors, and other genetic components. Patent search was performed in Espacenet, resulting in 38 selected patents with 15 most frequent international classifications. Patent embodiments were categorized into applications for the delivery of therapeutic molecules, treatment of infectious diseases, treatment of cancer, treatment of bleeding, and treatment of metabolic disorders. The logic gates of selected genetic circuits are described to comprehensively demonstrate their therapeutic applications. Synthetic gene circuits can be customized for precise control of therapeutic interventions, leading to personalized therapies that respond specifically to individual patient needs, enhancing treatment efficacy and minimizing side effects. They can be highly sensitive biosensors that provide real-time therapy by accurate monitoring various biomarkers or pathogens and appropriately synthesizing a therapeutic molecule. Synthetic gene circuits may also lead to the development of advanced regenerative therapies and to implantable biodevices that produce on-demand bioactive molecules. However, this technology faces challenges for commercial profitability. The genetic circuit designs need adjustments for specific applications, and may have disadvantages like toxicity from multiple regulators, homologous recombination, context dependency, resource overuse, and environmental variability.