Abstract：
Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) or \"additive manufacturing\" first came to prominence in the field of engineering, in particular in the transport sector where the value of its fast and accurate prototyping and manufacture of spare parts was quickly recognised. However, over the last ten years, this revolutionary technology has disrupted established manufacture in an increasingly diverse range of technical areas. Perhaps the most unexpected of these is pharmaceuticals - not merely the manufacture of products such as surgically inserted implants, but also of dosage formulations themselves - now available in all manner of printed delivery forms and vehicles and showing promising control of release properties though 3D printing process choices. This review will provide an overview of how 3D printing technology has developed and expanded across technological boundaries during the past decade, with a closer look at the current opportunities and barriers to its widespread adoption, particularly in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors. Special attention has been paid to patents as a boost and barrier to the expansion of 3D printing in the medical and pharmaceutical sector, with a focus on the patent literature.
摘要：
三维打印（3D打印）或“增材制造”首次在工程领域脱颖而出，特别是在运输部门，其快速准确的原型制造和备件制造的价值很快得到认可。然而,在过去的十年里，这项革命性的技术颠覆了日益多样化的技术领域中的既定制造。也许其中最出乎意料的是药物-不仅仅是制造产品，例如手术插入的植入物，还有剂量配方本身-现在可以以各种方式打印的输送形式和载体，并通过3D打印工艺选择显示出释放特性的有希望的控制。这篇综述将概述3D打印技术在过去十年中如何跨越技术界限发展和扩展。仔细观察目前广泛采用它的机会和障碍，特别是在医疗和制药领域。特别关注专利作为推动和阻碍3D打印在医疗和制药领域扩张的因素，专注于专利文献。
