Introduction Immigrants comprised a significant portion of the total population in the United States (US), and a considerable number of children in the US live with at least one immigrant parent, which has continued to increase over the past decades. However, healthcare providers (HPs) in the US report lack of comfort in interacting with immigrant and refugee populations. Methods The authors, in partnership with the Midwest Consortium of Global Health Educators, developed an innovative, interactive ethics curriculum within the Immigrant Partnership Advocacy and Curricular Kit (I-PACK). They sought to increase HPs\' confidence in navigating complex encounters with immigrant families by teaching a relevant ethical framework, highlighting the importance of cultural humility, and equipping learners with an ethics tool (five-box Method) for use in clinical encounters. They piloted the curriculum during three workshop sessions in 2020-2021, and this curriculum continues to be used nationally as a part of I-PACK. Results Pre- and post-session surveys indicated that all participants (100%, n=22) reported acquisition of new skills/knowledge and 19 (86%) felt confident applying this to their clinical practice. The participants reported appreciation for an ethical framework with which to analyze cases, enjoyment of active participation in small group discussions, and utility of the five-box method tool. Some areas of improvement offered were to have more cases and more time dedicated to small-group discussions. Conclusions Given the success of the I-PACK ethics curriculum pilot, the authors plan to incorporate immigrant health cases in the general ethics training in medical school classes and pediatric residency training. Furthermore, they will advocate for the importance of including immigrant health ethics across graduate medical education, as fluency and competence in navigating the ethics of immigrant health are required to provide patient-centered, culturally informed care to all populations.

The Ventanillas de Salud (VDS - \"Health Windows\") are a culturally sensitive outreach program within the 49 Mexican Consulates in the United States that provides information and health care navigation support to underserved and uninsured Mexican immigrants. During the COVID-19 pandemic the VDS rapidly transitioned to remote operations adding new services. Based on the EquIR implementation framework, this qualitative study investigates how adaptations to improve emergency preparedness were performed. We conducted motivational interviews with three actors - six VDS coordinators, eight partner organizations, and ten VDS users- in two VDS, Los Angeles and New York, to document specific needs of the target population and identify implementation processes to adapt and continue operating. The VDS adapted their model by adding new services for emerging needs, by switching service provision modalities, and by expanding the network of partner organizations. According to the VDS staff, these adaptations increased their topics, depth, reach, and diversified their users. Users had mostly positive opinions about the VDS adaptation, although they highlighted some heterogeneity across service provision. The VDS is a public health intervention able to serve a marginalized population and its implementation offers valuable lessons to complement health systems and to improve preparedness and resiliency for future crises.

A 39-year-old undocumented male immigrant with occupational exposure to quartz, without significant medical history, presented with worsening cough, dyspnea, and weight loss for the past six months, with onset of symptoms starting two years ago. The patient was exposed to silicon dioxide for the past 10 years due to his occupation. Chest x-ray at the time of diagnosis reflected multifocal heterogeneous opacities; CT of the chest demonstrated eggshell calcifications and conglomerate opacities particularly involving the bilateral upper lobes. Transbronchial biopsy reflected non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. In the context of silica dust exposure, these findings suggest the diagnosis of accelerated silicosis. This case report seeks to bring attention to the potential increased risk of occupational diseases in the community members who have high exposure to environmental hazards.

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Background: Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) are implementing innovative interventions to address heightened anxieties of immigrant patients amid changing immigration policies. Purpose: To describe the integration of \"Know Your Rights\" legal rights education in clinic waiting rooms of an FQHC in Los Angeles, California. Methods: This is a qualitative study using key informant interviews, direct field observations, and document review. Results: Collaboration with community health workers and local immigrant-serving community-based and legal organizations was key to intervention design and implementation. Conclusion: Integrating legal education into medical care is one action health centers can take to support immigrant patients, address their complex realities, and optimize patients.

Latinos have been affected at higher rates in California. These include undocumented immigrants who are the largest group of Californians that remains uninsured. This population has limited access to health care services and coverage options. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shown that undocumented immigrants are particularly vulnerable during this outbreak as they are more likely to delay seeking medical care and lack a regular source of care. In addition, many work in essential services, have low or moderate incomes, and live in overcrowded conditions increasing their risk for exposure to COVID-19. To reduce the state\'s COVID-19 burden, California should expand comprehensive Medi-Cal to all eligible individuals regardless of immigration status.

OBJECTIVE: Providing health program information to vulnerable communities, such as Latino farmworkers, is difficult. This analysis describes the manner in which farmworkers receive information about the Affordable Care Act, comparing farmworkers with other Latinos.
METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 100 Latino farmworkers and 100 urban Latino North Carolina residents in 2015.
RESULTS: Most farmworkers had received health information from a community organization. Trusted sources for health information were health care providers and community organizations. Sources that would influence decisions to enroll were Latino nurses and doctors, religious leaders, and family members. Traditional media, including oral presentation and printed material at the doctor\'s office, were preferred by the majority of farmworkers and non-farmworkers. Farmworkers used traditional electronic media: radio, television, and telephone. More non-farmworkers used current electronic media: e-mail and Internet.
CONCLUSIONS: Latino farmworkers and non-farmworkers prefer traditional media in the context of a health care setting. They are willing to try contemporary electronic media for this information.

The paper analyzes the healthcare-seeking behavior of South Korean immigrants in Toronto, Canada, and how transnationalism shapes post-migration health and health-management strategies. Built upon largely separate research areas in ethnicity and health, health geography, and transnationalism, the paper conceptualizes immigrant health as influenced by individual characteristics, the migration and resettlement experience, and place effects at both a local and a transnational scale. A mixed-method approach is used to capture insights into health status and experiences in accessing local and transnational healthcare among South Korean immigrants - a fast growing visible minority group in Canada. Statistical analysis of data from the Canadian Community Health Survey discloses patterns and trends in health and healthcare use among the Korean Canadian, overall foreign-born, and native-born populations. Focus groups reveal in-depth information on the decline of Korean immigrants\' health status and the array of sociocultural, economic and geographic barriers in accessing healthcare in Canada, which gave rise to their transnational use of health resources in the home country. The transnational strategies included traveling to South Korea for medical examinations or treatment, importing medications from South Korea to Canada, and consulting health resources in South Korea by phone or email. The results provide timely knowledge on how a recent immigrant group adapts to Canada in the domain of health and adds a transnational perspective to the literature on ethnicity and health.