■一个多世纪以来,科学家们试图在遗传和遗传学中找到导致精神疾病的关键。在我们的基因中找到清晰和可行的答案的困难并没有阻止他们寻找。这段历史为理解当今的心理健康科学提供了重要的背景。
■本文探讨了从十九世纪下半叶至今,精神病学遗传学和遗传研究的主要主题,来解决这个问题:在心理健康科学中,遗传学的历史是什么?我们对文献采取批判的历史方法,询问它给研究问题带来的光的主要和次要材料,同时考虑社会和历史背景。
■我们从收容所收集的统计数据开始,这些统计数据用于证明遗传在精神疾病中的重要性。然后我们研究20世纪早期的孟德尔精神遗传模型,优生学运动,社会精神病学的影响,战后新的分类和技术,人类基因组计划和全基因组关联研究(GWAS)和表观遗传学。在历史背景下设置这些主题表明,这项研究往往是受欢迎的,因为更广泛的社会,政治和文化问题,这影响了科学家的观点,就像他们对决策者的观点一样,记者和公众。
■我们认为,试图解开这个复杂的历史对于心理健康和遗传学的现代伦理至关重要,以及帮助我们集中精力更好地理解精神疾病的因果关系。对于精神病学遗传学史的简洁时间表,除了其他可能导致精神疾病的原因的历史之外,访问:https://historyofcauses.co.英国/。
UNASSIGNED: For more than a century, scientists have tried to find the key to causation of mental ill health in
heredity and genetics. The difficulty of finding clear and actionable answers in our genes has not stopped them looking. This history offers important context to understanding mental health science today.
UNASSIGNED: This article explores the main themes in research on genetics and inheritance in psychiatry from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present day, to address the question: what is the history of genetics as a causative explanation in mental health science? We take a critical historical approach to the literature, interrogating primary and secondary material for the light it brings to the research question, while considering the social and historical context.
UNASSIGNED: We begin with the statistics gathered in asylums and used to \'prove\' the importance of
heredity in mental ill health. We then move through early twentieth century Mendelian models of mental inheritance, the eugenics movement, the influence of social psychiatry, new classifications and techniques of the postwar era, the Human Genome Project and Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and epigenetics. Setting these themes in historical context shows that this research was often popular because of wider social, political and cultural issues, which impacted the views of scientists just as they did those of policymakers, journalists and the general public.
UNASSIGNED: We argue that attempting to unpick this complex history is essential to the modern ethics of mental health and genetics, as well as helping to focus our efforts to better understand causation in mental ill-health.For a succinct timeline of the history of psychiatric genetics, alongside the history of other proposed causes for mental ill-health, visit: https://historyofcauses.co.uk/.