卫生技术评估(HTA)是全球公认的指导循证决策的重要工具。然而,方法的异质性限制了任何此类证据的使用。目前的研究是为了制定一套在印度进行HTA经济评估的标准,被称为印度参考案例。
■参考案例的开发包括一个四步过程:(i)审查现有的国际HTA准则;(ii)对三个国家的经济评估进行系统审查,以评估对现有的针对特定国家的HTA准则的遵守情况;(iii)实证分析,以评估经济评估关键原则的替代假设对成本效益分析结果的影响;(iv)利益相关者协商,以评估建议的适当性。根据前三个过程得出的推论,制定了参考案例的初稿,这是根据利益相关者的协商最终确定的。
■印度参考案例就经济评估的11项关键原则提供了12项建议:决策问题,比较器,透视,有效性证据的来源,衡量成本,健康结果,时间-地平线,折扣,异质性,不确定性分析和权益分析,以及展示结果。这些建议是用户友好的,并且具有允许特定于上下文的灵活性的范围。
■印度参考案例有望为规划提供指导,导电,和经济评估报告。预计遵守参考案例将提高未来评估的质量和政策利用率。然而,随着卫生经济学领域的进步,将需要旨在完善印度参考案例的努力。
■这项研究没有得到任何资助机构的资助,商业,或非营利部门。这项研究是作为SharmaD的博士论文的一部分进行的,他获得了印度医学研究委员会(ICMR)的奖学金,新德里,印度。
UNASSIGNED: Health technology assessment (HTA) is globally recognised as an important tool to guide evidence-based decision-making. However, heterogeneity in methods limits the use of any such evidence. The current research was undertaken to develop a set of standards for conduct of economic evaluations for HTA in India, referred to as the Indian Reference
Case.
UNASSIGNED: Development of the reference
case comprised of a four-step process: (i) review of existing international HTA guidelines; (ii) systematic review of economic evaluations for three countries to assess adherence with pre-existing country-specific HTA guidelines; (iii) empirical analysis to assess the impact of alternate assumptions for key principles of economic evaluation on the results of cost-effectiveness analysis; (iv) stakeholder consultations to assess appropriateness of the recommendations. Based on the inferences drawn from the first three processes, a preliminary draft of the reference
case was developed, which was finalised based on stakeholder consultations.
UNASSIGNED: The Indian Reference
Case provides twelve recommendations on eleven key principles of economic evaluation: decision problem, comparator, perspective, source of effectiveness evidence, measure of costs, health outcomes, time-horizon, discounting, heterogeneity, uncertainty analysis and equity analysis, and for presentation of results. The recommendations are user-friendly and have scope to allow for context-specific flexibility.
UNASSIGNED: The Indian Reference
Case is expected to provide guidance in planning, conducting, and reporting of economic evaluations. It is anticipated that adherence to the Reference Case would increase the quality and policy utilisation of future evaluations. However, with advancement in the field of health economics efforts aimed at refining the Indian Reference Case would be needed.
UNASSIGNED: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The research was undertaken as part of doctoral thesis of Sharma D, who received scholarship from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India.