OBJECTIVE: Recently, the HAND osteoarthritis (OA) ULTRASOUND (US) Examination (HOUSE) inflammatory and structural damage scores were developed by the OMERACT US working group. However, the thumb base was not or only partly included. This systematic review examines US scoring methods and scanning techniques assessing thumb base OA, alongside existing evidence on validity, reliability, and responsiveness.
METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy in three different databases identified 30 eligible studies.
RESULTS: In general, studies predominantly focused on US assessment of the carpometacarpal (CMC) 1 joint, with fewer investigating the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) joint. Most studies utilized a semiquantitative scale for scoring structural and inflammatory features, aligning with the HOUSE scoring system. Validity was supported by a limited number of studies, with one demonstrating a positive association between US structural damage and radiographic damage, and another showing a similar association with function. Associations between US inflammatory features and pain were observed, albeit with some variability. Reliability was from moderate to good for the CMC1 joint but limited for STT joint. Responsiveness varied across studies. The methodological quality of included studies varied, indicating areas for future research improvement.
CONCLUSIONS: While promising, additional research is necessary to validate the HOUSE scoring system and improve its clinical utility for thumb base OA assessment. Future research should concentrate on optimal scanning positions and on the reliability and responsiveness of the HOUSE scoring system.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), also called masson tumor which is a benign vascular tumor named after Pierre Masson, the French pathologist who originally described it in 1923, terming it \"hémangioendothéliome végétant intravasculaire.\" It is characterized by a reactive proliferation of endothelial cells associated with thrombosis. Ultrasound and MRI are the main imaging examinations, but the diagnosis of IPEH was confirmed by biopsy pathology and immunohistochemistry. It is generally accepted that surgical excision is the first choice of treatment. In this report, we report a case of Masson tumor arising in the right wrist.

BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated the clinical features and safety of surgical strategies and treatments for true arterial aneurysms of the hand.
METHODS: A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases for clinical trials, case series, and case reports investigating true arterial aneurysms of the hand, published over the past 10 years, was performed. The inclusion criterion was surgical excision of arterial aneurysm, followed by arterial revascularization or ligation. Studies addressing pseudoaneurysms, mycotic aneurysms, conservative treatment, or no treatment were excluded. Summary level data regarding study characteristics and outcomes of amputation, neurological symptoms, number of preoperative vascular imaging examinations, and length of hospital stay were extracted.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies comprising 48 patients (mean [± SD] age, 41.1±22 years [range 0.5-80 years]; 39 [81.25%] male) were included. Thirty (62.5%) patients underwent only 1 preoperative examination and traumatic etiology was observed in 52.1% (n=25). The most prevalent intervention was aneurysm excision, followed by arterial revascularization (n=35 [72.9%]), with no amputations. Neurological symptoms were present in 8 (16.6%) subjects, with no difference between the revascularization and arterial ligation groups (odds ratio [OR] 3.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-30.5]). The mean length of hospital stay was 1.44 days (range 0-4 days), with no difference between revascularization and arterial ligation (OR 2.5 [95% CI 0.10-62.6]).
CONCLUSIONS: This review did not find amputation rate outcomes associated with either technique, although similar neurological outcomes were observed. Nevertheless, the retrieved data were limited to those ensuring the safety of both procedures.

UNASSIGNED: Stress fractures in general are common injuries; however, there is limited literature on metacarpal stress fractures in athletes. Our objective is to contribute the first systematic review of metacarpal stress fractures in athletes, with a particular focus on epidemiology, presentation, and outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: A systematic review regarding metacarpal stress fractures in athletes was performed via PubMed, EMBASE, MedLine, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria consisted of case reports and case series of metacarpal stress fractures in athletes. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 11 studies (29 cases) were included. The mean patient age was 17 years, with 12 men and 15 women. The most common sports were tennis and badminton. The most common presentation was pain in the dorsal aspect of the hand related to activity. All patients underwent successful nonoperative management, with mean return to play of 9 weeks.
UNASSIGNED: Metacarpal stress fractures can present with significant pain and impact performance in athletes who perform sports involving repetitive movements of the hand and wrist. Nonoperative treatment, consisting of abstinence from sport until the patient was pain free combined with gradual return to play, was successful for all patients. The addition of proper technique and training load can result in satisfactory return to play. For patients who present with hand pain related to exercise, particularly a young racquet sport player, metacarpal stress fractures are a \"can\'t miss\" diagnosis associated with significant functional impairment.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a communication interface between the brain and external devices and have the potential to restore communication and control in patients with neurological injury or disease. For the invasive BCIs, most studies recruited participants from hospitals requiring invasive device implantation. Three widely used clinical invasive devices that have the potential for BCIs applications include surface electrodes used in electrocorticography (ECoG) and depth electrodes used in Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) and deep brain stimulation (DBS). This review focused on BCIs research using surface (ECoG) and depth electrodes (including SEEG, and DBS electrodes) for movement decoding on human subjects. Unlike previous reviews, the findings presented here are from the perspective of the decoding target or task. In detail, five tasks will be considered, consisting of the kinematic decoding, kinetic decoding,identification of body parts, dexterous hand decoding, and motion intention decoding. The typical studies are surveyed and analyzed. The reviewed literature demonstrated a distributed motor-related network that spanned multiple brain regions. Comparison between surface and depth studies demonstrated that richer information can be obtained using surface electrodes. With regard to the decoding algorithms, deep learning exhibited superior performance using raw signals than traditional machine learning algorithms. Despite the promising achievement made by the open-loop BCIs, closed-loop BCIs with sensory feedback are still in their early stage, and the chronic implantation of both ECoG surface and depth electrodes has not been thoroughly evaluated.

This review explores the historical and current significance of gestures as a universal form of communication with a focus on hand gestures in virtual reality applications. It highlights the evolution of gesture detection systems from the 1990s, which used computer algorithms to find patterns in static images, to the present day where advances in sensor technology, artificial intelligence, and computing power have enabled real-time gesture recognition. The paper emphasizes the role of hand gestures in virtual reality (VR), a field that creates immersive digital experiences through the Ma blending of 3D modeling, sound effects, and sensing technology. This review presents state-of-the-art hardware and software techniques used in hand gesture detection, primarily for VR applications. It discusses the challenges in hand gesture detection, classifies gestures as static and dynamic, and grades their detection difficulty. This paper also reviews the haptic devices used in VR and their advantages and challenges. It provides an overview of the process used in hand gesture acquisition, from inputs and pre-processing to pose detection, for both static and dynamic gestures.

The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the pathoanatomy, presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment modalities, and outcomes of posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) palsy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). All reported cases of PIN palsy in patients with RA were reviewed to yield 72 cases of PIN palsy in 70 patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.7. Pain involving the elbow was very common (20/33 cases reporting this information), and paralysis or weakness of digit extension was noted in 27/33 cases and 6/33 cases, respectively. Only 1 of the 54 cases undergoing surgical intervention reported persistent weakness, and this 1 patient had undergone a 3-month trial of conservative management. In conclusion, Appropriate pharmacologic management in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound monitoring may be used for conservative management, but surgical decompression should still be utilized for patients with a compressive disease pathology who fail to improve with 6 weeks of conservative treatment, or for those with advanced disease on initial presentation.

BACKGROUND: Amateur and professional participation in sport and physical activity worldwide is increasing in popularity, which in turn is increasing the volume and types of injuries sustained by athletes. Ensuring these injuries are treated appropriately and efficiently is paramount for athletes\' recovery and return to sport in a timely and safe manner.
METHODS: A scoping review to map the evidence regarding the treatment, outcomes and management of hand, wrist, finger, and thumb injuries in the professional/amateur athlete from contact sports. A search of seven electronic databases; SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library and grey literature was conducted in January 2024. The reporting of the review is in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. Inductive content analysis was used to examine the data and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used to appraise the quality of the included studies.
RESULTS: Eight papers met the inclusion criteria and three themes emerged addressing the return to play/sport, surgical and conservative treatment and the most common/reoccurring injuries sustained from contact sports.
CONCLUSIONS: Managing hand, wrist, finger, and thumb injuries in athletes requires a varied approach depending on the type of injury, treatment options, and external pressures. While conservative treatment is common and effective, surgical intervention may be necessary in certain cases to improve recovery and facilitate a faster return to sport. Preventive measures in high-risk sports settings could help reduce the incidence of these injuries.

Diabetes mellitus may for the first time present with its classical features or with long term complications which may or may not be recognised. Knowledge of diabetes mellitus and its complications, sociocultural beliefs and perception, patronage of traditional healers may influence time of presentation and hence, outcomes. We report the case of a female Nigerian food vendor, who was admitted in coma and managed for septic left-hand ulcer and incidental diabetes mellitus. She had painless peripheral neuropathy, which gave her the \'\'ability\'\' to handle hot objects. This was misconstrued as some special gift derived from a benevolent spirit, until she sustained thermal injury and a non-healing wound on her left hand. She presented to a traditional healer which delayed hospital presentation. She was eventually brought to hospital in coma and related diabetes mellitus was found. She was appropriately managed for hyperglycaemic coma and sepsis as well as wound care and was discharged to the out patients\' services on appropriate drugs and life style measures.

BACKGROUND: The use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery is contentious. With the rise in antimicrobial resistance, evidence-based antibiotic use should be followed. This systematic review and network meta-analysis will assess the effectiveness of different antibiotics on the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) following hand trauma surgery.
METHODS: The databases Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL and CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform will be searched. Abstracts will be screened by two persons independently to identify eligible studies. This systematic review will include both randomised and non-randomised prospective comparative studies in participants with hand and/or wrist injuries requiring surgery; bite injuries will be excluded. The network meta-analysis will compare the use of different prophylactic antibiotics against each other, placebo and/or no antibiotics on the development of SSI within 30 days of surgery (or 90 days if there is an implanted device). The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2 will be used to assess the risk of methodological bias in randomised controlled trials, and the Newcastle-Ottowa scale (NOS) will be used to assess the risk of bias in non-randomised studies. A random-effects network meta-analysis will be conducted along with subgroup analyses looking at antibiotic timing, injury type, and operation location. Sensitivity analyses including only low risk-of-bias studies will be conducted, and the confidence in the results will be assessed using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINEMA).
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to provide an up-to-date synthesis of the studies assessing the use of antibiotics following hand and wrist trauma to enable evidence-based peri-operative prescribing.
BACKGROUND: PROSPERO CRD42023429618.