这篇叙述性综述旨在研究植物提取物在预防和治疗脱发(秃发)方面的治疗潜力和作用机制。我们搜索并选择了与脱发有关的植物提取物的研究论文,头发生长,或者头发再生,全面比较疗效,植物化学成分,和植物提取物的调节目标。这些研究表明,各种植物提取物在体外增加了毛乳头细胞的存活和增殖,体外毛囊中细胞增殖和毛发生长增强,并促进体内动物模型中的毛发生长或再生。在临床试验中验证了几种植物提取物的促进毛发生长的功效。一些酚类化合物,萜类和萜类化合物,含硫化合物,和脂肪酸被鉴定为植物提取物中含有的活性化合物。植物提取物及其活性化合物的药理作用与促进细胞存活有关,细胞增殖,或细胞周期进程,以及几种生长因子的上调,如IGF-1,VEGF,HGF,和KGF(FGF-7),导致毛发周期中生长期的诱导和延伸。这些作用也与氧化应激的缓解有关,炎症反应,细胞衰老,或凋亡,以及雄性激素及其受体的下调,防止进入毛发周期的静止期。几种活性植物提取物和植物化学物质刺激蛋白激酶B(PKB,也称为AKT),细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK),无翼和Int-1(WNT),或声波刺猬(SHH),同时抑制转化生长因子(TGF)-β或骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)介导的其他细胞信号通路。因此,精心挑选的植物提取物及其活性化合物可以对头发健康产生有益的影响。有人提出,针对上述细胞事件和细胞信号传导途径的植物化学物质的发现将促进针对脱发的新靶向疗法的开发。
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review aims to examine the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of plant extracts in preventing and treating alopecia (baldness). We searched and selected research papers on plant extracts related to hair loss, hair growth, or hair regrowth, and comprehensively compared the therapeutic efficacies, phytochemical components, and modulatory targets of plant extracts. These studies showed that various plant extracts increased the survival and proliferation of dermal papilla cells in vitro, enhanced cell proliferation and hair growth in hair follicles ex vivo, and promoted hair growth or regrowth in animal models in vivo. The hair growth-promoting efficacy of several plant extracts was verified in clinical trials. Some phenolic compounds, terpenes and terpenoids, sulfur-containing compounds, and fatty acids were identified as active compounds contained in plant extracts. The pharmacological effects of plant extracts and their active compounds were associated with the promotion of cell survival, cell proliferation, or cell cycle progression, and the upregulation of several growth factors, such as IGF-1, VEGF, HGF, and KGF (FGF-7), leading to the induction and extension of the anagen phase in the hair cycle. Those effects were also associated with the alleviation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cellular senescence, or apoptosis, and the downregulation of male hormones and their receptors, preventing the entry into the telogen phase in the hair cycle. Several active plant extracts and phytochemicals stimulated the signaling pathways mediated by protein kinase B (PKB, also called AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Wingless and Int-1 (WNT), or sonic hedgehog (SHH), while suppressing other cell signaling pathways mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Thus, well-selected plant extracts and their active compounds can have beneficial effects on hair health. It is proposed that the discovery of phytochemicals targeting the aforementioned cellular events and cell signaling pathways will facilitate the development of new targeted therapies for alopecia.