背景:胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1),胃肠肽和葡萄糖代谢的中枢介质,由肠道中的L细胞响应于食物摄入而分泌。GLP-1的餐后分泌由经由转运蛋白和G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)的营养感知触发。肥胖(OW)或2型糖尿病(T2DM)的成年人的GLP-1分泌可能低于糖耐量正常(NGT)的成年人,但是这些发现是不一致的。由于GLP-1对刺激胰岛素分泌和促进体重减轻的作用,GLP-1及其类似物用于治疗T2DM的药物制剂中。然而,通过饮食生理刺激的GLP-1分泌可能是改善OW个体葡萄糖代谢的预防或协同方法,或糖耐量受损(IGT)或T2DM。
背景:这篇叙述性综述集中于具有不同代谢状况和葡萄糖不耐受程度的个体的空腹和餐后GLP-1分泌。Further,相关饮食相关因素的影响(例如,特定的饮食,膳食成分和大小,植物化学含量,和肠道微生物组)可能影响空腹和餐后GLP-1分泌的讨论。
结果:一些研究表明,T2DM患者的葡萄糖或膳食刺激的GLP-1反应减少,IGT,或OW与NGT相比,而其他研究报道了T2DM或IGT患者的GLP-1应答升高或不变.膳食成分,尤其是常量营养素与针对微生物组的干预措施之间的关系可以影响餐后GLP-1的分泌,尽管尚不清楚哪些常量营养素是GLP-1的强兴奋剂。此外,葡萄糖耐量,抗糖尿病治疗,超重/肥胖等级,性别是影响GLP-1分泌的重要因素。
结论:本综述的结果强调了GLP-1分泌的营养和生理刺激的潜力。需要进一步研究空腹和餐后GLP-1水平以及在不同代谢条件下产生的代谢后果。
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a gastrointestinal peptide and central mediator of glucose metabolism, is secreted by L cells in the intestine in response to food intake. Postprandial secretion of GLP-1 is triggered by nutrient-sensing via transporters and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GLP-1 secretion may be lower in adults with obesity/overweight (OW) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), but these findings are inconsistent. Because of the actions of GLP-1 on stimulating insulin secretion and promoting weight loss, GLP-1 and its analogs are used in pharmacologic preparations for the treatment of T2DM. However, physiologically stimulated GLP-1 secretion through the diet might be a preventive or synergistic method for improving glucose metabolism in individuals who are OW, or have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2DM. This narrative
review focuses on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion in individuals with different metabolic conditions and degrees of glucose intolerance. Further, the influence of relevant diet-related factors (e.g., specific diets, meal composition, and size, phytochemical content, and gut microbiome) that could affect fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion are discussed. Some studies showed diminished glucose- or meal-stimulated GLP-1 response in participants with T2DM, IGT, or OW compared with those with NGT, whereas other studies have reported an elevated or unchanged GLP-1 response in T2DM or IGT. Meal composition, especially the relationship between macronutrients and interventions targeting the microbiome can impact postprandial GLP-1 secretion, although it is not clear which macronutrients are strong stimulants of GLP-1. Moreover, glucose tolerance, antidiabetic treatment, grade of overweight/obesity, and sex were important factors influencing GLP-1 secretion. The results presented in this
review highlight the potential of nutritional and physiologic stimulation of GLP-1 secretion. Further research on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 concentrations and the resulting metabolic consequences under different metabolic conditions is needed.