α-phellandene是在几种EO中发现的非常常见的环状单萜,显示了广泛的生物活性。因此,本系统综述的主要重点是对其生物活性以及药物和食品应用的最新技术进行全面和批判性的分析。此外,该研究确定了富含α-水芹烯的精油,并总结了它们的主要生物活性,作为初步筛选,以鼓励对其单一成分的后续研究。通过这次审查,我们选择并批判性地分析了99篇论文,使用以下书目数据库:PubMed,SciELO,Wiley和WOS,2022年7月8日数据由这项工作的四位作者独立提取,选择那些在标题和/或摘要中报告关键词“α-phellandrene”的研究,并避免那些分子与其生物活性和/或其来源的特定浓度之间没有明确相关性的分子。在最后一篇文章中删除了重复数据。许多精油含有大量的α-phellandrene,经常引用Anethumgraveolens和Foeniculumvulgare物种。对上述物种的一些研究显示高α-水芹烯含量高达82.1%。有12项关于α-水芹烯作为纯分子的研究显示了有希望的生物学功能,包括抗肿瘤,抗伤害性,杀幼虫和杀虫活性。有87项关于富含α-phellandrene的EO的研究工作,对其进行了总结,重点是有关潜在生物活性的其他数据。我们相信这些数据是开始对纯分子进行新研究的有用起点,and,特别是,区分OEs的不同组分的协同作用和由于α-phellrene本身的协同作用。毒理学数据仍然缺乏,需要对阈值进行进一步调查,以区分有益和毒性作用之间的界限,即,诱变,致癌和过敏。所有这些发现为α-phellandrene作为一种新的生物农药的潜在应用提供了灵感,抗菌和抗肿瘤剂。特别是,我们相信我们的工作作为进一步研究α-phellandrene的食品应用的起点是有意义的。
Alpha-phellandrene is a very common cyclic monoterpene found in several EOs, which shows extensive biological activities. Therefore, the main focus of the present systematic
review was to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the state of the art regarding its biological activities and pharmaceutical and food applications. In addition, the study identified essential oils rich in alpha-phellandrene and summarized their main biological activities as a preliminary screening to encourage subsequent studies on their single components. With this
review, we selected and critically analyzed 99 papers, using the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, SciELO, Wiley and WOS, on 8 July 2022. Data were independently extracted by four authors of this work, selecting those studies which reported the keyword \"alpha-phellandrene\" in the title and/or the abstract, and avoiding those in which there was not a clear correlation between the molecule and its biological activities and/or a specific concentration from its source. Duplication data were removed in the final article. Many essential oils have significant amounts of alpha-phellandrene, and the species Anethum graveolens and Foeniculum vulgare are frequently cited. Some studies on the above-mentioned species show high alpha-phellandrene amounts up to 82.1%. There were 12 studies on alpha-phellandrene as a pure molecule showed promising biological functions, including antitumoral, antinociceptive, larvicidal and insecticidal activities. There were 87 research works on EOs rich in alpha-phellandrene, which were summarized with a focus on additional data concerning potential biological activities. We believe this data is a useful starting point to start new research on the pure molecule, and, in particular, to distinguish between the synergistic effects of the different components of the OEs and those due to alpha-phellandrene itself. Toxicological data are still lacking, requiring further investigation on the threshold values to distinguish the boundary between beneficial and toxic effects, i.e., mutagenic, carcinogenic and allergenic. All these findings offer inspiration for potential applications of alpha-phellandrene as a new biopesticide, antimicrobial and antitumoral agent. In particular, we believe our work is of interest as a starting point for further studies on the food application of alpha-phellandrene.