弓形虫病,由专性细胞内原生动物弓形虫引起，是一种世界性的人畜共患寄生虫病。进行了一项横断面研究，以确定欧洲同类动物对弓形虫的暴露情况。1399马的血清样本（1085匹马，238头驴,和在四个欧洲国家(意大利，西班牙,英国[英国],和爱尔兰)是在2013-2021年期间收集的。通过使用改良的凝集测试（MAT），在1:25的截止点下，弓形虫的总体血清阳性率为18.9％（95％置信区间[CI]：16.9-21.0）。意大利的血清阳性率为27.1%，西班牙16.6%，英国为12.0%，爱尔兰为7.0%。反T.在12.8%的马中检测到刚地抗体，43.7%的驴,以及28.9%的骡子/乳香。进行了广义估计方程（GEE）分析，以研究血清阳性与与个体相关的解释变量之间的关联。牛群,以及对这些牛群的管理措施，根据双变量分析选择。弓形虫血清呈阳性的风险在驴和骡子/犀牛中是马的5.3和2.7倍，分别。此外,与每周对设施进行消毒的畜群(9.4%)相比,每周使用消毒剂少于1次的畜群中的马的血清阳性率显著更高(13.9%;p=0.038,比值比[OR]=1.6;95%CI:1.03-2.62).这是对由马组成的弓形虫进行的首次大规模血清流行病学研究，驴,以及欧洲的mu子/hinnies，以及爱尔兰和英国马匹中弓形虫暴露的第一份报告。我们发现弓形虫在不同欧洲国家的同体种群中分布广泛。在这些物种中发现的血清阳性率，尤其是在驴和骡子/母羊中，强调了人类通过食用生/未煮熟的牛奶或肉类感染的潜在风险。
Toxoplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis. A cross-sectional
study was carried out to determine the exposure to T. gondii in equids in Europe. Serum samples from 1399 equids (1085 horses, 238 donkeys, and 76 mules/hinnies) bred in four European countries (Italy, Spain, United Kingdom [UK], and Ireland) were collected during the period of 2013-2021. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 18.9% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 16.9-21.0) by using the modified agglutination test (MAT) at a cut-off of 1:25. Seropositivity by country was 27.1% in Italy, 16.6% in Spain, 12.0% in UK and 7.0% in Ireland. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 12.8% of the horses, 43.7% of the donkeys, and in 28.9% of the mules/hinnies. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis was carried out to
study the associations between seropositivity and explanatory variables related to individuals, herds, and management measures on these herds, selected based on the bivariate analysis. The risk for being seropositive for T. gondii was 5.3 and 2.7 times higher in donkeys and mules/hinnies than in horses, respectively. In addition, significantly higher seropositivity was observed in horses from herds that used disinfectants less than once a week (13.9%; p = 0.038, odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.03-2.62) compared with those from herds that performed weekly disinfection of the facilities (9.4%). This is the first large-scale seroepidemiological
study on T. gondii comprising horses, donkeys, and mules/hinnies in Europe and the first report of T. gondii exposure in horses from Ireland and UK. We found a widespread distribution of T. gondii among equid populations in different European countries. The seroprevalence found in these species, especially in donkeys and mules/hinnies, highlights the potential risk of human infection through the consumption of their raw/undercooked milk or meat.
