由于微塑料和纳米塑料(MNPs)对生态系统的潜在毒理学影响,水生环境中的微米和纳米塑料(MNPs)的增加已成为一个重要的问题。食物网动态,和人类健康。这些塑料颗粒来自一系列来源,比如分解更大的塑料垃圾,消费品,和工业产出。这篇综述提供了MNPs在水生生态系统中的传播和危险的详细报告,环境行为,和水生食物网内的相互作用,强调它们对海洋生物的毒性影响。它探讨了颗粒大小和毒性之间的关系,它们在不同组织中的分布,以及通过食物网进行营养传递的过程。MNPs,一旦消费,可以在各种器官中找到,包括消化系统,ill,还有肝脏.它们被较低营养水平的生物消耗有助于它们在食物链上的发展,可能导致生物累积和生物放大,从而对健康构成重大风险,繁殖,和水生物种的行为。这项工作还探讨了MNPs,通过它们的持久性和生物积累,对水生生物多样性构成风险,破坏营养关系。审查还讨论了MNPs对人类健康的影响,特别是通过食用受污染的海鲜,强调人类暴露于这些污染物的直接和间接途径。此外,这篇综述强调了对未来研究方向的建议,强调生态一体化,毒理学,和人类健康研究,为风险评估提供信息,并制定缓解战略,以应对水生环境中塑料污染的全球挑战。
The increase of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) in aquatic environments has become a significant concern due to their potential toxicological effects on ecosystems, food web dynamics, and human health. These plastic particles emerge from a range of sources, such as the breakdown of larger plastic waste, consumer products, and industrial outputs. This
review provides a detailed report of the transmission and dangers of MNPs in aquatic ecosystems, environmental behavior, and interactions within aquatic food webs, emphasizing their toxic impact on marine life. It explores the relationship between particle size and toxicity, their distribution in different tissues, and the process of trophic transfer through the food web. MNPs, once consumed, can be found in various organs, including the digestive system, gills, and liver. Their consumption by lower trophic level organisms facilitates their progression up the food chain, potentially leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification, thereby posing substantial risks to the health, reproduction, and behavior of aquatic species. This work also explores how MNPs, through their persistence and bioaccumulation, pose risks to aquatic biodiversity and disrupt trophic relationships. The
review also addresses the implications of MNPs for human health, particularly through the consumption of contaminated seafood, highlighting the direct and indirect pathways through which humans are exposed to these pollutants. Furthermore, the
review highlights the recommendations for future research directions, emphasizing the integration of ecological, toxicological, and human health studies to inform risk assessments and develop mitigation strategies to address the global challenge of plastic pollution in aquatic environments.